導讀:導致肉雞難養的因素有很多,那麼究竟是哪些因素導致的肉雞越來越難養呢?今天為大家總結一些導致肉雞難養的因素:
近年來肉雞越來越難養,許多養殖戶的雞不能正常出欄,即便能堅持到出欄,藥費也要達到過去的1.5~2倍bei,料liao肉rou比bi也ye很hen高gao,眾zhong多duo因yin素su使shi養yang殖zhi戶hu賺zhuan不bu到dao錢qian,甚shen至zhi賠pei錢qian使shi經jing濟ji效xiao益yi達da不bu到dao最zui高gao值zhi,這zhe樣yang有you的de養yang殖zhi戶hu就jiu不bu敢gan養yang了le,始shi終zhong處chu於yu觀guan望wang狀zhuang態tai。為wei什shen麼me呢ne?一個是市場行情問題,如果毛雞價格低,那誰也沒有辦法,因為你說了不算,我說了也不算。另一個是疾病越來越複雜。
一、雞苗的品質
一些不正規或管理不嚴的種雞、孵化廠,為了眼前自己的利益放鬆了種雞的引進、培育、種蛋的消毒、特殊病原體的淨化、疫苗的漏免等,這樣孵化出的雞苗品質能好到那裏去?youdeyangzhihuzhitujiagebianyierhushilejimiaodezhiliang,shenzhicongyiquxuangoujimiao,daozhiduozhongjibingtongguozhongdanchuizhichuanbo,haiyouluanhuangyan,qidaiyanjituoshuidengyinsu,zhijieyingxiangjimiaodechenghuolv。yegeisiyangguanlizengjialenandu。buguohuashuohuilai,buyaojixiwangrangmeigezhongjichangdoufuhuachubuxiedaibingjundejimiaozheshibukenengzuodaode。haodejimiaonengyanghuai,danhuaidejimiaokendingyangbuhao。youzhijiankangdejimiaocaishiyangzhixiaoyidegenben。
二、藥物和防疫
藥(yao)物(wu)預(yu)防(fang)和(he)防(fang)疫(yi)是(shi)養(yang)殖(zhi)效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)保(bao)障(zhang),治(zhi)療(liao)隻(zhi)是(shi)手(shou)段(duan)。目(mu)的(de)是(shi)給(gei)養(yang)殖(zhi)戶(hu)解(jie)決(jue)困(kun)難(nan),提(ti)高(gao)生(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)力(li),創(chuang)造(zao)更(geng)大(da)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)。大(da)家(jia)想(xiang)一(yi)想(xiang)一(yi)批(pi)肉(rou)雞(ji)飼(si)養(yang)周(zhou)期(qi)無(wu)非(fei)四(si)、五十天,卻要做新城疫、傳支、禽流感、法氏囊、xinchengyiermian,zhemeduoyimiao,zaihendachengdushangpohuailejitidemianyixitong,yaozhidaoyimiaobenshenjiushiyizhongdu。buzhidajiakandaomei,youdejisihouxiongxianbushishizhiqiguanershibiancheng“薄餅”或“萎縮”,腎髒腫脹,花斑,脾髒變小壞死,法氏囊萎縮等。這樣的雞抵抗力有多強?能養出好雞嗎?bingqiezuowanmiaoyihoujingenzhejiuyaoyongyao,youdebugenjumoujibingyifarilingheyaowudehelidapeiquanpaiyongyao,changshijiandeyongmouzhongyaowuhuobujiazhenduanmangmutouyao,buzhuyishiyongfangfahezhuyishixiang,suiyijiadayaoliang,erhulvelejitidechengshounengli,budanshixijunchanshenglenaiyaoxing,geijibingdefangzhigongzuodailailekunnan,erqiezaochenglelangfei,zengjialeyangzhichengben。tongshidajilianghechangshijiandetoufukangshengsu,hainengyinqijitidemianyiyizhi。youhenduoyangzhihuwen,woyijingmianyilemouzhongbingdeyimiaoweishenmehaihuidezhezhongbing。bucuo,jinguannicaiqulezhongzhongdefangzhibingyuantijinrujiqundecuoshi,youyugezhongyuanyin,jiqunyoushirengkenengshoumouzhongbingyuantiwuran,suoyidaduoshuyangjihugenjuzhongjibenchangjifujindejibingliuxingqingkuangshishidijiezhongruoganzhongyimiao,shijiqunxingchengyidingdedikangli。
值(zhi)得(de)注(zhu)意(yi)強(qiang)調(tiao)的(de)是(shi)免(mian)疫(yi)接(jie)種(zhong)雖(sui)然(ran)能(neng)使(shi)雞(ji)群(qun)對(dui)某(mou)些(xie)疾(ji)病(bing)形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)抵(di)抗(kang)力(li),但(dan)如(ru)果(guo)毒(du)力(li)強(qiang)的(de)病(bing)原(yuan)侵(qin)入(ru)雞(ji)群(qun)時(shi),難(nan)免(mian)還(hai)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)不(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)度(du)的(de)損(sun)失(shi)。大(da)家(jia)時(shi)時(shi)都(dou)要(yao)記(ji)住(zhu),良(liang)好(hao)的(de)飼(si)養(yang)管(guan)理(li)才(cai)是(shi)預(yu)防(fang)疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)最(zui)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)辦(ban)法(fa),而(er)疫(yi)苗(miao)接(jie)種(zhong)則(ze)是(shi)輔(fu)助(zhu)性(xing)的(de),千(qian)萬(wan)不(bu)要(yao)將(jiang)主(zhu)次(ci)顛(dian)倒(dao),以(yi)為(wei)接(jie)種(zhong)了(le)疫(yi)苗(miao)就(jiu)萬(wan)事(shi)大(da)吉(ji),放(fang)鬆(song)了(le)管(guan)理(li)。
三、飼料的原因
有的飼料廠為了保證利潤,該添加的營養素、預yu防fang藥yao沒mei有you添tian加jia或huo劑ji量liang不bu足zu,導dao致zhi機ji體ti發fa育yu不bu良liang,料liao比bi增zeng加jia。更geng有you甚shen者zhe,有you的de飼si料liao帶dai有you黴mei菌jun素su,直zhi接jie造zao成cheng了le免mian疫yi器qi官guan的de萎wei縮suo,機ji體ti的de免mian疫yi力li下xia降jiang,導dao致zhi繼ji發fa或huo並bing發fa各ge種zhong病bing毒du和he細xi菌jun及ji支zhi原yuan體ti,造zao成cheng的de經jing濟ji損sun失shi是shi無wu法fa估gu計ji的de。所suo以yi飼si料liao是shi養yang殖zhi效xiao益yi的de基ji礎chu。更geng要yao通tong過guo後hou期qi的de外wai補bu充chong來lai彌mi補bu飼si料liao中zhong營ying養yang物wu質zhi的de不bu足zu,達da到dao預yu防fang為wei主zhu的de目mu的de。
四、外環境因素
環境因素概括的來講也就是環境應激,環境應激包括:不正常的舍溫、通風、密度、光照、飼養方式、飼養設備,還有大環境造成的高溫、低溫、大風、沙塵、大(da)霧(wu)等(deng)。環(huan)境(jing)是(shi)養(yang)殖(zhi)效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)。今(jin)年(nian)春(chun)天(tian)的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)別(bie)異(yi)常(chang),溫(wen)度(du)忽(hu)高(gao)忽(hu)低(di),早(zao)晚(wan)溫(wen)差(cha)較(jiao)大(da),讓(rang)養(yang)殖(zhi)戶(hu)難(nan)以(yi)掌(zhang)握(wo)合(he)適(shi)的(de)溫(wen)度(du),加(jia)大(da)了(le)今(jin)年(nian)大(da)麵(mian)積(ji)流(liu)行(xing)病(bing)毒(du)性(xing)感(gan)冒(mao)、法氏囊和傳支的發病率直接給養殖戶帶來了較大的經濟損失。外部環境管理得好,就可以切斷外來傳染病源,減少雞隻發病機會。
五、疾病因素
有的養殖戶自以為養了幾年雞就什麼都懂了,有病自己解剖、診斷、下xia藥yao,把ba獸shou藥yao店dian當dang成cheng超chao市shi,小xiao病bing還hai好hao,大da病bing吃chi虧kui的de還hai是shi自zi己ji。有you的de養yang殖zhi戶hu幹gan脆cui不bu相xiang信xin獸shou藥yao廠chang家jia,盲mang目mu的de加jia大da藥yao量liang導dao致zhi機ji體ti中zhong毒du,直zhi接jie造zao成cheng了le經jing濟ji損sun失shi。也ye有you的de獸shou醫yi工gong作zuo者zhe技ji術shu不bu精jing,沒mei有you準zhun確que診zhen斷duan出chu病bing情qing,造zao成cheng了le病bing情qing的de延yan誤wu而er錯cuo過guo了le最zui佳jia的de治zhi療liao時shi間jian,增zeng加jia了le治zhi療liao難nan度du也ye加jia大da了le成cheng本ben。比bi如ru:有you的de技ji術shu人ren員yuan在zai臨lin床chuang剖pou解jie時shi,隻zhi要yao看kan到dao了le包bao心xin包bao肝gan的de病bing例li,直zhi接jie診zhen斷duan為wei大da腸chang杆gan菌jun,這zhe種zhong診zhen斷duan是shi片pian麵mian的de,在zai細xi菌jun中zhong,包bao心xin包bao肝gan不bu是shi大da腸chang杆gan菌jun的de專zhuan利li。而er大da腸chang杆gan菌jun的de單dan發fa率lv很hen低di,一yi般ban都dou是shi因yin為wei其qi他ta病bing源yuan繼ji發fa或huo並bing發fa感gan染ran,所suo以yi說shuo一yi旦dan出chu現xian大da腸chang杆gan菌jun時shi,一yi定ding要yao找zhao到dao病bing的de根gen源yuan,然ran後hou才cai去qu對dui症zheng對dui因yin治zhi療liao,才cai能neng使shi藥yao物wu發fa揮hui出chu它ta的de最zui高gao療liao效xiao。還hai有you一yi個ge球qiu蟲chong病bing,球qiu蟲chong病bing對dui雞ji的de危wei害hai很hen大da,應ying該gai引yin起qi重zhong視shi,網wang上shang養yang雞ji同tong樣yang如ru此ci,特te別bie是shi小xiao腸chang球qiu蟲chong,因yin不bu易yi被bei人ren識shi別bie而er忽hu視shi,這zhe就jiu是shi有you的de雞ji吃chi料liao不bu少shao但dan長chang勢shi不bu好hao,大da小xiao不bu一yi,參can差cha不bu齊qi,臉lian蒼cang白bai冠guan蒼cang白bai的de一yi個ge主zhu要yao原yuan因yin。另ling外wai因yin為wei早zao期qi球qiu蟲chong的de感gan染ran可ke以yi導dao致zhi法fa氏shi囊nang的de免mian疫yi失shi敗bai,因yin為wei球qiu蟲chong卵luan繁fan殖zhi的de同tong時shi,造zao成cheng了le腸chang道dao黏nian膜mo的de損sun傷shang,哪na怕pa是shi沒mei有you球qiu蟲chong病bing的de症zheng狀zhuang(第一代裂殖期),而er法fa氏shi囊nang疫yi苗miao抗kang原yuan主zhu要yao的de靶ba向xiang就jiu是shi腸chang道dao黏nian膜mo,在zai腸chang道dao黏nian膜mo受shou損sun的de情qing況kuang下xia,不bu會hui正zheng常chang產chan生sheng法fa氏shi囊nang病bing的de抗kang體ti,直zhi接jie導dao致zhi免mian疫yi失shi敗bai,引yin起qi免mian疫yi抑yi製zhi。機ji體ti處chu在zai兩liang種zhong免mian疫yi因yin子zi的de作zuo用yong下xia,導dao致zhi其qi他ta病bing毒du和he細xi菌jun的de連lian鎖suo發fa生sheng,幾ji種zhong病bing源yuan同tong時shi侵qin入ru機ji體ti,造zao成cheng了le後hou期qi的de混hun合he感gan染ran,這zhe就jiu是shi導dao致zhi肉rou雞ji不bu能neng正zheng常chang出chu欄lan和he養yang殖zhi效xiao益yi不bu高gao的de主zhu要yao原yuan因yin之zhi一yi。
六、科學管理
現xian代dai養yang禽qin業ye飼si養yang管guan理li的de日ri程cheng和he要yao求qiu越yue來lai越yue細xi致zhi而er嚴yan格ge,飼si養yang管guan理li水shui平ping越yue來lai越yue高gao,營ying養yang和he免mian疫yi的de關guan係xi研yan究jiu越yue來lai越yue受shou到dao人ren們men的de重zhong視shi。世shi界jie著zhu名ming的de禽qin病bing防fang治zhi專zhuan家jia們men認ren為wei:對養禽業而言,世界上最嚴重的流行病為管理不善綜合征,生產中存在的80%以上的問題不是由病原微生物導致的疾病,而是由於飼料營養、光線、空氣、飲水四方麵存在不足引起的,而這是可以通過加強飼養管理工作來克服的,科學管理是養殖效益的核心。
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