大麥發生黃花葉病,植株矮化、株型鬆散、分蘖減少、根係發育不良、褐he根gen增zeng多duo。病bing苗miao分fen蘖nie初chu期qi在zai未wei平ping展zhan的de心xin葉ye上shang出chu現xian與yu葉ye脈mai平ping行xing的de短duan條tiao狀zhuang褪tui綠lv斑ban,褪tui綠lv斑ban逐zhu漸jian發fa展zhan和he聯lian接jie,導dao致zhi葉ye片pian呈cheng花hua葉ye狀zhuang。輕qing病bing株zhu抽chou穗sui後hou,上shang部bu葉ye片pian症zheng狀zhuang隱yin退tui,重zhong病bing株zhu有you的de不bu能neng抽chou穗sui,有you的de雖sui能neng抽chou穗sui,但dan穗sui小xiao、空秕粒多,劍葉及葉鞘甚至穎殼上仍有褪綠花葉症狀。條件適宜時,大麥在播種後1~2geyuejikebiaoxianchumingxiandezhengzhuang。gaibingbingyuanweidamaihuanghuayebingdu,bingdukeyitongguoturangzhongdeheguduonianjunjizhiyemocachuanbo,muqianhaimeiyoufaxianzhongzihekunchongnengchuandu。
大(da)麥(mai)黃(huang)花(hua)葉(ye)病(bing)發(fa)生(sheng),在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)品(pin)種(zhong)間(jian)差(cha)異(yi)較(jiao)大(da),一(yi)般(ban)六(liu)棱(leng)大(da)麥(mai)比(bi)較(jiao)抗(kang)病(bing),二(er)棱(leng)大(da)麥(mai)高(gao)度(du)感(gan)病(bing)。連(lian)年(nian)大(da)麵(mian)積(ji)種(zhong)植(zhi)感(gan)病(bing)品(pin)種(zhong),傳(chuan)毒(du)媒(mei)介(jie)和(he)毒(du)源(yuan)數(shu)量(liang)逐(zhu)年(nian)積(ji)累(lei),是(shi)該(gai)病(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)麵(mian)積(ji)不(bu)斷(duan)擴(kuo)大(da)、發生程度逐年增加的重要原因。由於禾穀多黏菌釋放遊動孢子侵染傳毒需要較高的土壤濕度和15℃左右的溫度,秋冬季節適溫多雨有利於病害發生。反之,播種季節幹燥少雨、溫度偏低,發病輕或發病遲。江浙滬一帶秋播多在10—11月,這時的土溫與禾穀多黏菌遊動孢子侵入傳毒的適宜土溫相吻合,播種愈早,發病愈早、愈(yu)重(zhong),適(shi)當(dang)遲(chi)播(bo)可(ke)以(yi)避(bi)過(guo)禾(he)穀(gu)多(duo)黏(nian)菌(jun)侵(qin)染(ran)傳(chuan)毒(du)的(de)高(gao)峰(feng)期(qi),因(yin)而(er)推(tui)遲(chi)播(bo)種(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)減(jian)輕(qing)病(bing)害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)。大(da)麥(mai)發(fa)病(bing)重(zhong)時(shi),應(ying)實(shi)行(xing)輪(lun)作(zuo),提(ti)倡(chang)水(shui)旱(han)輪(lun)作(zuo)。嚴(yan)格(ge)控(kong)製(zhi)病(bing)土(tu)的(de)擴(kuo)散(san),深(shen)翻(fan)病(bing)田(tian)土(tu)或(huo)在(zai)重(zhong)病(bing)田(tian)壓(ya)無(wu)病(bing)土(tu),能(neng)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)控(kong)製(zhi)病(bing)害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)。對(dui)病(bing)田(tian)增(zeng)施(shi)肥(fei)料(liao)能(neng)延(yan)緩(huan)病(bing)情(qing)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan),促(cu)進(jin)病(bing)株(zhu)恢(hui)複(fu)生(sheng)理(li)機(ji)能(neng)。
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