2.規範噴藥 噴藥一般宜選擇晴天午後,避免在空氣濕度大、霧氣重、露(lu)水(shui)多(duo)時(shi)施(shi)藥(yao),以(yi)免(mian)發(fa)生(sheng)藥(yao)害(hai)。噴(pen)藥(yao)務(wu)求(qiu)細(xi)致(zhi)周(zhou)到(dao),要(yao)求(qiu)霧(wu)點(dian)細(xi)而(er)均(jun)勻(yun),以(yi)藥(yao)液(ye)不(bu)從(cong)葉(ye)片(pian)滴(di)下(xia)為(wei)度(du)。防(fang)治(zhi)蟎(man)類(lei)害(hai)蟲(chong)時(shi)葉(ye)背(bei)麵(mian)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)噴(pen)到(dao),蚜(ya)蟲(chong)類(lei)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)蟲(chong)體(ti)密(mi)集(ji)部(bu)位(wei)。
3.安全用藥 依yi據ju當dang地di植zhi保bao部bu門men發fa布bu的de蟲chong情qing測ce報bao信xin息xi,在zai病bing蟲chong害hai對dui農nong藥yao最zui敏min感gan的de生sheng育yu時shi期qi噴pen藥yao。施shi用yong化hua學xue農nong藥yao時shi要yao盡jin量liang選xuan擇ze對dui天tian敵di傷shang害hai小xiao的de農nong藥yao,並bing注zhu意yi避bi開kai天tian敵di的de生sheng殖zhi繁fan育yu期qi。農nong藥yao要yao交jiao替ti使shi用yong,不bu可ke用yong一yi種zhong農nong藥yao連lian續xu防fang治zhi同tong一yi種zhong病bing蟲chong害hai,以yi免mian產chan生sheng抗kang藥yao性xing。混hun配pei時shi要yao嚴yan格ge按an照zhao農nong藥yao混hun合he使shi用yong表biao操cao作zuo,並bing注zhu意yi隨sui混hun隨sui用yong。要yao少shao噴pen、不噴殘效期長的農藥。農作物生長前期不噴或少噴廣譜性殺蟲劑。蟲害的防治時期應選在害蟲數量達到防治指標時、害蟲生命力最弱時期(幼齡階段)、害蟲隱蔽危害前、農作物抗藥性較強期(中後期和休眠期)、避開天敵發生高峰期。用藥時要嚴格把握農藥劑量、濃度及安全間隔期,在有效濃度範圍內,盡量用低濃度防治病蟲。
4.巧用農藥 ①局(ju)部(bu)噴(pen)藥(yao)。局(ju)部(bu)農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)被(bei)害(hai)較(jiao)嚴(yan)重(zhong)時(shi)可(ke)采(cai)取(qu)針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)噴(pen)藥(yao),既(ji)控(kong)製(zhi)了(le)害(hai)蟲(chong)發(fa)生(sheng),也(ye)可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)農(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)量(liang),降(jiang)低(di)生(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben),更(geng)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)是(shi)保(bao)護(hu)了(le)天(tian)敵(di)昆(kun)蟲(chong)。②地麵噴藥。把農藥撒施或噴布在地麵,既能殺死害蟲,也可減輕對天敵昆蟲的傷害。③選擇性用藥。使用具有專殺作用的藥劑,既能起到良好的防治效果,也可很好地保護天敵。④利用微生物製劑防治害蟲。如白僵菌製劑防治蠐螬類害蟲。⑤巧(qiao)混(hun)農(nong)藥(yao)。不(bu)同(tong)作(zuo)用(yong)機(ji)製(zhi)的(de)農(nong)藥(yao)混(hun)合(he)使(shi)用(yong)不(bu)僅(jin)能(neng)延(yan)緩(huan)抗(kang)藥(yao)性(xing)的(de)產(chan)生(sheng),而(er)且(qie)能(neng)增(zeng)強(qiang)藥(yao)效(xiao),減(jian)少(shao)用(yong)藥(yao)量(liang),降(jiang)低(di)成(cheng)本(ben)。例(li)如(ru)把(ba)遲(chi)效(xiao)型(xing)的(de)滅(mie)幼(you)脲(niao)和(he)速(su)效(xiao)型(xing)的(de)菊(ju)酯(zhi)類(lei)農(nong)藥(yao)混(hun)合(he)使(shi)用(yong),可(ke)以(yi)加(jia)快(kuai)擊(ji)倒(dao)速(su)度(du),減(jian)輕(qing)殺(sha)傷(shang)天(tian)敵(di),同(tong)時(shi)減(jian)少(shao)菊(ju)酯(zhi)類(lei)農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)用(yong)量(liang)。⑥化學防治與農業防治、生物措施結合,實行綜合防治,做到盡量不用或少用農藥,減少用藥量和用藥次數,保護天敵安全。
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