油葵鏽病是油葵的主要病害,大流行年份減產40%-80%。葉片、葉柄、莖稈、葵(kui)盤(pan)等(deng)部(bu)位(wei)染(ran)病(bing)後(hou)都(dou)可(ke)形(xing)成(cheng)鐵(tie)鏽(xiu)般(ban)的(de)孢(bao)子(zi)堆(dui)。葉(ye)片(pian)染(ran)病(bing),初(chu)在(zai)葉(ye)片(pian)背(bei)麵(mian)出(chu)現(xian)褐(he)色(se)小(xiao)孢(bao)是(shi)病(bing)菌(jun)的(de)夏(xia)孢(bao)子(zi)堆(dui),表(biao)麵(mian)破(po)裂(lie)後(hou)散(san)出(chu)褐(he)色(se)粉(fen)末(mo),即(ji)病(bing)原(yuan)菌(jun)的(de)夏(xia)孢(bao)子(zi),後(hou)病(bing)部(bu)生(sheng)出(chu)許(xu)多(duo)黑(hei)褐(he)色(se)的(de)小(xiao)孢(bao),即(ji)病(bing)菌(jun)的(de)冬(dong)孢(bao)子(zi)堆(dui),散(san)出(chu)黑(hei)色(se)粉(fen)末(mo),即(ji)冬(dong)孢(bao)子(zi),發(fa)生(sheng)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)致(zhi)葉(ye)片(pian)早(zao)期(qi)幹(gan)枯(ku)。
二、傳播途徑和發病條件
hanlengdiqubingjunyidongbaozizaibingcantishangyuedong,dierniantiaojianshiyishi,dongbaozimengfachanshengdanbaoziqinruyouye,xingchengxingziqi,houzaibingbanbeimianchanshengxiuziqi,qineixiubaozifeisanchuanbo,mengfahouyecongyepianqinru,xingchengxiabaoziduihexiabaozi,xiabaozijieqiliuchuanbo,jinxingduocizaiqinran,jiejinshouhuoshi,zaichanshengxiabaoziduidedifang,xingchengdongbaozidui,youyidongbaoziyuedong。gaibingfashengyushangnianleijijunyuanshuliang、dangnianjiangyuliangguanximiqie,youqishiyoumiaohexiubaozichuxianhou,jiangyuduiqiliuxingyouzhongyaozuoyong。jinruxiabaozijieduanhou,yujilaidezao,kejinxingduocizhongfuqinranchangyinqigaibingliuxing。7-8月多雨發病重。
三、防治方法
1、種植抗病品種,並進行藥劑拌種,可用2%或6%戊唑醇拌種,以減輕發病。
2、加強前期管理,在苗期噴施愛多收4000倍以培育壯苗。合理施用磷鉀肥,重視大掌櫃中微量元素肥料的施用,並及時中耕。
3、可用80%A式多菌靈1200倍液或43%戊唑醇4000倍噴霧進行防治。
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