筋腐病又叫條腐病、條斑病,是保護地番茄發生比較普遍且嚴重的一種生理病害。為幫助菜農有效防治,筆者現將其防治介紹如下:
症狀表現 有兩種類型:褐色筋腐病:guomianshangchuxianjubuhebian,shenzhihuaisi,aotubuping,guoroujiangying。qiekaibingguo,kejianguoneiweiguanshubianhesiwang,youshiguorouyechuxianhesehuaisizhengzhuang。fabingqingshiguomianyoushikejiandaoaotubupingdebingban,fabingchuzhesebuliang,shouhuoshiguomianyoumingxianlvsehuodanlvsebingban,banyouguoroubianying、果實空腔。褐色筋腐病常發生在果實的背光麵,且下位花序的果實比上位的發病多。白色筋腐病:多發生在果皮部的組織上。病部具有蠟樣光澤,質硬,果肉呈糠心狀。病部著色不良。
發病原因 由於保護地番茄是提早或延後栽培,有保護設施,不能合理輪作,環境和土壤溫度低,中期夜溫高、濕shi度du大da,再zai加jia上shang密mi度du不bu合he理li,氮dan肥fei施shi用yong過guo多duo,氮dan磷lin鉀jia比bi例li失shi調tiao,土tu壤rang板ban結jie,管guan理li欠qian佳jia等deng原yuan因yin,造zao成cheng植zhi株zhu生sheng長chang不bu良liang,果guo實shi膨peng大da期qi間jian光guang照zhao不bu足zu影ying響xiang光guang合he物wu質zhi生sheng成cheng,引yin起qi褐he色se筋jin腐fu病bing的de發fa生sheng。但dan是shi,單dan獨du一yi種zhong因yin素su很hen難nan導dao致zhi發fa病bing,必bi須xu有you多duo種zhong不bu良liang因yin素su的de綜zong合he作zuo用yong才cai會hui引yin起qi發fa病bing。褐he色se筋jin腐fu病bing多duo發fa生sheng在zai低di溫wen弱ruo光guang條tiao件jian下xia。植zhi株zhu茂mao密mi、通tong風feng透tou光guang不bu良liang有you利li於yu該gai病bing發fa生sheng。土tu壤rang水shui分fen過guo大da,土tu壤rang氧yang氣qi供gong應ying不bu足zu時shi,也ye有you利li於yu該gai病bing發fa生sheng。施shi肥fei量liang過guo大da,特te別bie是shi銨an態tai氮dan施shi用yong過guo多duo,鉀jia肥fei不bu足zu或huo鉀jia的de吸xi收shou受shou阻zu時shi,該gai病bing發fa生sheng也ye重zhong。施shi用yong未wei經jing充chong分fen腐fu熟shu的de農nong家jia肥fei、密植、小苗定植、強摘心都可能誘發該病。白色筋腐病通常認為是由煙草花葉病毒感染所致。不抗煙草花葉病毒的番茄品種易發生白色筋腐病。
預防措施 yishixuanyongkangbingpinzhong。ershihelimizhi,shishizhengzhi,gaishantongfengtouguangtiaojian,zengjiaguangzhao。ershijiaoshuishifangzhidashuimanguan,zuihaocaiyongmoxiashenguanhuodiguan,fangzhishiduguoda,bimianturangbanjie。sanshijiaqiangwendu、肥水管理,防止棚內溫度過高過低,土壤水分過幹過濕,營養元素施用不平衡等不良因素造成發病加重。四是在番茄生長的前、中期注意防治蚜蟲和白粉虱,防止番茄病毒病的發生,可減少筋腐果的出現。五是保護地番茄施肥要輕氮、少磷、重鉀、補鈣鎂。施肥時氮磷鉀鈣鎂要配施,在開花、結果盛期和果實膨大期追施鉀肥。施肥應為基肥加追肥,以有機肥、蔬shu菜cai專zhuan用yong肥fei為wei主zhu,合he理li配pei施shi化hua肥fei。不bu要yao偏pian施shi氮dan肥fei,在zai番fan茄qie盛sheng果guo期qi要yao增zeng施shi磷lin鉀jia肥fei,增zeng強qiang植zhi株zhu抗kang性xing,延yan長chang光guang照zhao時shi間jian,施shi用yong光guang合he微wei肥fei,增zeng加jia光guang合he產chan物wu產chan量liang以yi及ji向xiang果guo實shi中zhong的de輸shu送song量liang。六liu是shi避bi免mian多duo年nian連lian作zuo,應ying實shi行xing輪lun作zuo製zhi,以yi緩huan和he土tu壤rang養yang分fen的de失shi衡heng。七qi是shi棚peng膜mo應ying選xuan擇ze透tou光guang性xing強qiang的de塑su料liao膜mo,大da棚peng番fan茄qie最zui好hao采cai用yong寬kuan行xing栽zai培pei法fa,增zeng加jia行xing間jian透tou光guang率lv,促cu進jin光guang合he作zuo用yong。大da棚peng內nei還hai需xu增zeng施shi二er氧yang化hua碳tan氣qi肥fei,以yi滿man足zu光guang合he作zuo用yong的de需xu要yao。八ba是shi及ji時shi防fang治zhi。若ruo發fa現xian病bing株zhu,可ke立li即ji噴pen施shi0.2%的葡萄糖和0.1%的磷酸二氫鉀混合液,以提高葉片中糖和鉀的含量,減輕危害。
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