雛鴨一般指0周齡~4周(zhou)齡(ling)的(de)小(xiao)鴨(ya)。剛(gang)出(chu)殼(ke)的(de)雛(chu)鴨(ya)絨(rong)毛(mao)短(duan),調(tiao)節(jie)體(ti)溫(wen)能(neng)力(li)差(cha),消(xiao)化(hua)機(ji)能(neng)尚(shang)未(wei)健(jian)全(quan),對(dui)外(wai)界(jie)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)抵(di)抗(kang)力(li)差(cha),易(yi)感(gan)染(ran)疾(ji)病(bing),並(bing)且(qie)雛(chu)鴨(ya)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)速(su)度(du)快(kuai),尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)骨(gu)骼(ge)生(sheng)長(chang)很(hen)快(kuai),飼(si)養(yang)雛(chu)鴨(ya)時(shi)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)供(gong)應(ying)營(ying)養(yang)豐(feng)富(fu)而(er)全(quan)麵(mian)的(de)飼(si)料(liao)。雛鴨嬌嫩,因此,育雛時尤其要特別加強飼養管理。建立穩定的管理程序蛋鴨具有群居生活的習性,合群性很強,神經較敏感,它的各種行為要在雛鴨階段開始培養。如飲水、吃料、下水遊泳、上灘理毛、入圈歇息等,都要定時、dingdian。meitianyougudingdeyizhengtaoguanlichengxu,xingchengxiguanhou,buyaoqingyigaibian。ruyaogaibian,yeyaozhubujinxing。siliaopinzhonghetiaozhifangfadegaibianyeshiruci,rupinfandigaibiansiliaoheshenghuoguilv,bujinyingxiangshengchang,erqiehuizaochengjibing,jiangdiyuchulv。jiaqiangzhibanxunshi,jingchangqingdianyashu,zuohaosiliaoxiaohaohesiwangjilu。zhuyifangzhiyabing,dingqizaishuizhongjiarukangjunyaowu,1日齡肌注鴨病毒性肝炎高免蛋黃抗體0.5毫升/隻;5日齡~15日齡首免禽流感滅活疫苗(0.3毫升/隻~0.5毫升/隻);20日齡注射鴨瘟弱毒疫苗,嚴格按瓶簽標明的劑量接種,用生理鹽水稀釋疫苗,每隻鴨肌注0.2毫升。掌握合適的溫度,切忌時高時低雛鴨的適宜溫度是:1日齡26℃~28℃,2日齡~7日齡22℃~26℃;第二周18℃~22℃,第三周16℃~18℃。育雛室的溫度對雛鴨是否適合,可依鴨的表現來判斷:如雛鴨散開,臥伏休息,安穩入睡,沒有怪叫聲,說明溫度合適;如雛鴨縮頸聳翅,互相堆擠,不斷往鴨堆裏邊鑽或向上爬,並發出“吱吱”叫聲,說明溫度太低,需要保溫或升溫;如(ru)雛(chu)鴨(ya)喘(chuan)氣(qi),飲(yin)水(shui)量(liang)增(zeng)加(jia),說(shuo)明(ming)溫(wen)度(du)太(tai)高(gao),需(xu)要(yao)調(tiao)整(zheng)溫(wen)度(du)。同(tong)時(shi),要(yao)保(bao)持(chi)室(shi)溫(wen)相(xiang)對(dui)穩(wen)定(ding),切(qie)忌(ji)時(shi)高(gao)時(shi)低(di),否(fou)則(ze)雛(chu)鴨(ya)容(rong)易(yi)受(shou)涼(liang)感(gan)冒(mao),導(dao)致(zhi)疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。到(dao)3周~4周zhou時shi,需xu適shi時shi脫tuo溫wen,逐zhu漸jian過guo渡du到dao完wan全quan放fang牧mu。試shi水shui開kai食shi合he理li飼si喂wei雛chu鴨ya的de試shi水shui開kai食shi,對dui雛chu鴨ya的de生sheng長chang發fa育yu有you重zhong要yao影ying響xiang。雛chu鴨ya第di一yi次ci飲yin水shui和he取qu食shi時shi,先xian飲yin水shui,後hou開kai食shi,對dui雛chu鴨ya的de生sheng長chang發fa育yu有you良liang好hao的de促cu進jin作zuo用yong。這zhe是shi因yin為wei先xian飲yin水shui有you利li於yu排pai泄xie胎tai糞fen,引yin起qi食shi欲yu,提ti高gao雛chu鴨ya的de消xiao化hua和he吸xi收shou能neng力li。雛chu鴨ya出chu殼ke後hou24小時,羽毛已幹,腳能站穩,能打轉,狀似覓食,用手試之,能伸頸張嘴發出叫聲,這時就用飲水器,喂給0.02%抗生素或多維,可防腸道疾病並補充維生素。雛鴨試水後,就可以開食了。一般可把熟的硬米飯或“鴨花料”(顆粒大小以1mm~2mm為宜)或全價混合粉料撒在或鋪在地上的草席或深色塑料薄膜上,並作招呼聲,使雛鴨自由采食。這樣,邊食邊撒,經1天~2天(tian)調(tiao)教(jiao)訓(xun)練(lian),雛(chu)鴨(ya)便(bian)會(hui)自(zi)行(xing)采(cai)食(shi)。雛(chu)鴨(ya)開(kai)食(shi)後(hou),飼(si)料(liao)不(bu)但(dan)數(shu)量(liang)要(yao)足(zu),而(er)且(qie)質(zhi)量(liang)要(yao)好(hao),要(yao)有(you)能(neng)滿(man)足(zu)鴨(ya)生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)全(quan)部(bu)營(ying)養(yang)物(wu)質(zhi)。雛(chu)鴨(ya)一(yi)般(ban)要(yao)求(qiu)飼(si)喂(wei)高(gao)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(20%~22%)、高能量、多種氨基酸和維生素等混合的全價料。飼喂次數:前兩周每3小時喂1次,晝夜飼喂,兩周以後改為每4小時1次,20日齡以後每6小時1次,間隔時間均等,晝夜飼喂,每次喂料後都要飲水1次。下水訓練,搞好衛生和預防接種一般5rilinghoujiukexunlianchuyaxiashuihuodong,danchuyaquanshenderongmaorongyibeishuijinshixiachen,tiruozhehaihuibeinisi。yinci,yaoyouzhuanrenshouwang,jiayitiaojiao,xishuipiankeyaojishishanganxiuxi。meiriqingchulanneiyafen,diancaoyaoqinhuanqinshai,shicaoyaojingchangchongxiganjing,jinzhisiweifubaibianzhisiliao,bingbaochizhouweihuanjingweisheng。chucizhiwai,haiyaofangzhijingqun,yufangshouhai,yejiankaidengjiaqiangzhibanxunshi,jingchangqingdianyashu,zuohaosiliaoxiaohaohesiwangjilu。jishifenqunyanfangzhaduitongyipichuya,yaoanqidaxiao、強弱等不同分為若幹小群,以每群300隻~500隻為宜。以後每隔1周調整一次,將那些最大、最強的和最小、zuiruodechuyatiaochu,ranhoujianggequndeqiangdazheheweiyiqun,ruoxiaozheheweilingyiqun。zheyanggezhongbutongleixingdeyadounengdedaoheshidesiyangtiaojianhehuanjing,kebaochizhengchangdeshengchangfayu。yuchuqijian,changyinwendukongzhibudang,chuyahuxiangduiji,beijizaizhongjianhuoyazaixiamiandeya,qingzequanshen“濕身”,稍(shao)有(you)不(bu)慎(shen),便(bian)受(shou)涼(liang)致(zhi)病(bing),甚(shen)至(zhi)窒(zhi)息(xi)死(si)亡(wang)。有(you)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)雖(sui)正(zheng)常(chang),但(dan)在(zai)食(shi)後(hou)休(xiu)息(xi)或(huo)光(guang)線(xian)較(jiao)暗(an)時(shi),雛(chu)鴨(ya)也(ye)有(you)互(hu)相(xiang)堆(dui)擠(ji)的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。管(guan)理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)要(yao)隨(sui)時(shi)注(zhu)意(yi),尤(you)其(qi)在(zai)雛(chu)鴨(ya)臨(lin)睡(shui)前(qian)和(he)睡(shui)著(zhe)後(hou),要(yao)多(duo)次(ci)檢(jian)查(zha),發(fa)現(xian)紮(zha)堆(dui)要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)分(fen)開(kai)。分(fen)堆(dui)與(yu)保(bao)溫(wen)工(gong)作(zuo)要(yao)結(jie)合(he)起(qi)來(lai)。15日齡前,尤其是5日齡的小鴨,日夜都要精心照管。
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