國內媒體對“西部大開發”的翻譯有許多種,如 China's Western Campaign;China's Western Development Program;the……
國內媒體對“西部大開發”的翻譯有許多種,如 China's Western Campaign;China's Western Development Program;the Development of China's Western Region(s);West China Development Drive 等不一而足。在 China's Western Campaign 中,“Campaign”的意思不夠清楚,前麵應該加上修飾詞 development,就像 election campaign 或 advertising campaign 那樣。後幾種譯法雖然意思清楚,但準確度不夠,沒有把“大”字的力度表現出來,當然第一種譯法也同樣沒有把“大”的力度表現出來。筆者認為“開發” 的意思這裏用 development drive比較可取,它同 modernization drive 的說法相似。
國內媒體也有把“西部大開發”翻譯成 western expansion 的,如 the Central government pushes on with western expansion 或 China's "Great Western Expansion" campaign。西方記者也采用過這種說法,有一篇文章的題目就是:On China's Western Expansion。國外還有人把“西部大開發”翻譯成 go west 的,如 China's "go-west" enterprise。
由於曆史的原因,western expansion dengshuofazonghuishirenlianxiangdaomeiguoshijiushijidexibukaifa。dangshimeiguoweileguligengduoderenxiangxibuqianyi,zhidinglelinghuoduoyangdetudikaifayouhuizhengce,jidadituidonglexibukaifadejincheng。zaimeiguodexibukaifazhong,zhengfuluxuchutailexuduoxiangguanfagui,yongyuguifanheyindaokaifaxingwei。tudiguangmao、人口稀少是美國西部的特征,為吸引人們前來開發,1862年,林肯總統頒布著名的《宅地法》,鼓gu勵li向xiang西xi部bu移yi民min。該gai法fa還hai規gui定ding,隻zhi要yao在zai該gai土tu地di上shang定ding居ju和he開kai墾ken一yi定ding年nian限xian,土tu地di就jiu可ke永yong遠yuan歸gui其qi所suo有you。該gai法fa律lv一yi出chu,吸xi引yin大da批pi人ren移yi民min西xi部bu,當dang然ran美mei國guo的de西xi部bu開kai發fa還hai包bao括kuo許xu多duo其qi他ta方fang麵mian的de措cuo施shi,這zhe裏li不bu再zai贅zhui述shu。筆bi者zhe想xiang說shuo明ming的de問wen題ti是shi,美mei國guo當dang時shi的de社she會hui曆li史shi變bian遷qian在zai英ying語yu語yu言yan中zhong得de到dao了le充chong分fen體ti現xian,因yin此ci我wo們men能neng夠gou找zhao到dao許xu多duo相xiang關guan的de表biao達da法fa,請qing看kan下xia麵mian的de一yi些xie說shuo法fa:
American western expansion
American westward expansion
American westward movement
American western expedition
American "go-west" enterprise
Comparisons are made by experts to the 19th -century American westward expansion.
而今天我們所談的中國“西部大開發”與美國的情況截然不同,我們的“西部大開發”是在中央的領導下和東部的支援下,由西部人民在原來經濟發展的基礎上,自主加大開發力度,以使我國的西部地區得到得更快、更深、更廣的發展。因此,為了表達我國“西部大開發”的感念,我們不可以直接沿用美國人的說法 western expansion,那樣極有可能導致概念上的混亂。另一方麵,使用 expansion 這個詞時必須加倍小心。這是因為一方麵該詞具有增長、擴大等正麵的意思,例如:China, EU seek trade expansion in 2004;Bilateral trade will increase (after the EU expansion);Visiting US Secretary of Commerce Urges Trade Expansion;另一方麵該詞也有擴張、侵略等反麵的意思,例如:The Bush administration's military expansion has connections to its economic expansion.
綜上所述筆者認為,“西部大開發”的英譯不應使用 expansion 一詞。那麼“go-west”的用法是否可以呢?該詞在不同的場合有不同的意思。在前麵提到的American "Go-West" Enterprise 這個短語中,它的意思是向西部轉移。在 Go west for Thanksgiving 這則廣告中,它的意思又變成了到西部去(到西澳大利亞去過感恩節);而在 Will the Middle East go west? 這個句子中,它又有另外一個意思:向西方靠攏。
既然用 western expansion 或者“go-west”來表達“西部大開發”都是不合適的。那麼,“西部大開發”應該怎樣翻譯成英語才是正確的呢?首先請看下麵的兩段文字:
1. A Development Drive: VIZIANAGARAM, the 23rd district of Andhra Pradesh formed nearly 25 years ago, was for long considered a backward district. But it has now switched to the fast track of development, registering progress on all fronts, thanks to the initiation of several schemes to modernize agriculture, animal husbandry and minor irrigation.
2. Development Drive:The government of Sharjah is aiming for a diverse economy. Sharjah, the third largest emirate in the UAE may not have such a prominent profile as its neighbor, Dubai, but it is just as dynamic and diverse. Its commitment to economic development, free trade and attracting foreign investment is resolute and this can be seen through the development of its free zones during the past decade.
從上麵的兩段文字中我們可以看出,英語中在表達“大開發”的概念時,drive 一詞比較合適,我們可以在此基礎上進一步完善“大開發”的英譯。筆者認為我國“西部大開發”可以有以下幾種翻譯:
The western development drive
The grand western development program
The development campaign of the western regions
The full-scale development program for the western regions
The program for a concerted development of the western regions
或者還可以說:
give a huge push to develop / transform the western regions
switch onto the fast track of development
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