HOW to write the English summary of Food Scientific Paper
CHEN De- chang PENG Zeng- qi LI Chang- wen ZHANG Jia- cheng
Abstract:In this paper,the type,the structure and the content of English summary of food scientific paper were Introduced. The attention for writingEnglish summary was also exPounded.
Key words :food scientific paper,English summary
摘要:介紹了食品科技論文摘要的形式,以及其結構和內容,並闡明寫作英文摘要需要注意的問題。
關鍵詞:食品科技論文;英文摘要
0 前言
長(chang)期(qi)以(yi)來(lai),英(ying)語(yu)在(zai)學(xue)術(shu)刊(kan)物(wu)裏(li)一(yi)直(zhi)占(zhan)有(you)主(zhu)導(dao)地(di)位(wei),現(xian)如(ru)今(jin)隨(sui)著(zhe)國(guo)際(ji)交(jiao)流(liu)的(de)日(ri)益(yi)發(fa)展(zhan),科(ke)技(ji)英(ying)文(wen)摘(zhai)要(yao)在(zai)國(guo)際(ji)學(xue)術(shu)交(jiao)流(liu)中(zhong)起(qi)著(zhe)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。聯(lian)合(he)國(guo)教(jiao)科(ke)文(wen)組(zu)織(zhi)製(zhi)定(ding)的(de)科(ke)學(xue)技(ji)術(shu)雜(za)誌(zhi)準(zhun)則(ze)中(zhong)規(gui)定(ding):每(mei)篇(pian)正(zheng)式(shi)的(de)英(ying)文(wen)論(lun)文(wen)應(ying)當(dang)附(fu)有(you)論(lun)文(wen)摘(zhai)要(yao),而(er)非(fei)英(ying)語(yu)寫(xie)出(chu)的(de)論(lun)文(wen)則(ze)應(ying)當(dang)有(you)一(yi)段(duan)英(ying)文(wen)寫(xie)出(chu)的(de)摘(zhai)要(yao)。目(mu)前(qian),我(wo)國(guo)許(xu)多(duo)中(zhong)文(wen)科(ke)技(ji)期(qi)刊(kan)都(dou)要(yao)求(qiu)發(fa)表(biao)的(de)論(lun)文(wen)要(yao)附(fu)有(you)一(yi)篇(pian)英(ying)文(wen)摘(zhai)要(yao),因(yin)此(ci)寫(xie)好(hao)英(ying)文(wen)摘(zhai)
要是值得科技工作者重視的問題。
1 英文摘要的形式
摘要是一種高度概括性的文體,要求用較小的篇幅、jiaoshaodejuzizongjiechulunwenzhongdezhuyaofaxian,xiangduzhetigonglunwenzhongdequanbuchuangxinneironghejinkenengduodedinglianghuodingxingxinxi。yingwenzhaiyaotongchangyouliangzhongxingshi,yishiziliaoxingzhaiyao,ershichenshuxingzhaiyao。
1.l 資料性摘要
說出論文的研究目的、實驗方法、結果和最終結論等。如:
To determine the effects on the structure formation of comminuted meat emulsions and meat products,emulsions made from pork and ham fat were produced incorporating common additives at standard levels: muscle protein(MP); MP+ sodium caseinate;and MP+ blood plasma protein(BPP)-all 3 variants with and without 3% added salt.The control contained MP but no added salt.The emulsions were then canned, pasteurized, and refrigerated for 24h.Analysis of the effects of the treatments on sta-
bility,structural and rheological properties,and texture of the emulsions and end products showed that addition of sodium caseinate and Bpp caused a deterioratlon In tex-tural and structural ProPerties of the MP,leading to prod-ucts with a liquidy,elastic struture and a watery,spongy
and loose texture.
1.2 陳述性摘要
長chang篇pian論lun文wen有you大da量liang的de數shu據ju,無wu法fa容rong納na在zai有you限xian篇pian幅fu的de摘zhai要yao裏li,因yin此ci,摘zhai要yao隻zhi敘xu述shu論lun文wen內nei容rong的de要yao點dian,不bu寫xie出chu研yan究jiu結jie果guo和he結jie論lun的de細xi節jie,使shi讀du者zhe對dui論lun文wen的de主zhu要yao內nei容rong有you一yi
個概括的了解。如:
A total Of 124 bstches Of fresh Autrian lamb was analysed for shlga-toxin producing EScherichia coli
(STEC).None of the batches yielded STEC 0157, but 21 samples harboured none-0157 STEC strains.The predom-inant serotype was 0146(4 isolates of 0146;HNT and 3 of 0146: H21).All isolates contained the enterohaemorrhagic E.coli(EHEC)hly gene and all but one(STEC 015:H-)
the enterohaemolysin positive phenotype;only one isolate(STEC0146:HNT) contained the eae virulence factor.The health risk from this meat could be regarded as low due to the lack of classical human pathogenic EHEC.
2 英文摘要的結構和內容
1、研究目的――陳述研究的宗旨、說明要研究和解決的問題。如:TO determine the effects on the structure formation of comminuted meat emulsions and meat prod-ucts.
2、研究方法――介紹研究的途徑,采用的材料、模型、實驗範圍及手段。如:emulsions made from pork and ham fat were produced Incorporating common additives at standard levels.
3、研究結果(或結論)以及意義――實事求是地報道經過試驗和研究所獲得的新資料、新數據、新理論、新結果。如:Analysis of the effects of the treatments on stability,structural and rheological properties, and texture of the emulsions and end products showed that addition of soldium
caseinate and BPP caused a deterioration in tex-tural and structural properties of the MP,leading to prod-ucts with a liquidy,elastic structure and watery,spongy and loose texture.
3 寫英文摘要時應注意的問題
yibanlunwenzhaiyaoduofangzailunwendeqianmian。yipianhaodelunwenzhaiyaoshiquanwendesuoying,yaoqiujianduaneyaodibaodaowenzhangdezhutineirong,jiyoushidangdegaikuoxing,youyouyidingdebaodaoshendu。yinci,xiehaoshipinkejilunwenyingwenzhaiyao,yingzhuyiyixiajifangmiandewenti。
3.1 避免重複
不要過於簡單地隻把論文標題加以擴展或重複(即摘要的首句是對論文標題的擴展或重複),也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)將(jiang)論(lun)文(wen)的(de)段(duan)落(luo)標(biao)題(ti)全(quan)部(bu)加(jia)以(yi)羅(luo)列(lie)來(lai)代(dai)替(ti)摘(zhai)要(yao),使(shi)讀(du)者(zhe)無(wu)法(fa)得(de)到(dao)的(de)全(quan)文(wen)梗(geng)概(gai)。這(zhe)種(zhong)寫(xie)法(fa)在(zai)文(wen)獻(xian)中(zhong)是(shi)有(you)的(de),但(dan)我(wo)們(men)要(yao)避(bi)免(mian)這(zhe)種(zhong)寫(xie)法(fa)。
3.2 篇幅要小
1、英文摘要是具有高度概括性的一種文體,要求篇幅盡量小,句子(少用短句)盡可能
少而完整。一篇摘要一般不超過250個單詞,目的是使讀者讀後確定是否需要閱讀全文。
2、yingwenzhaiyaoyingxiechengyiduan,bufenduanluo。zhaiyaobenshenyaowanzheng,nengdulishiyong,shinaxieduisuolunzongshiyousuolejiededuzhe,jishidebudaoyuanwen,yenengyimulejie,huodemingquedegainian。yinci,zhaiyaoyingyongchunwenxushu,yingbimianshiyongzhengwenzhongdesuoxiezi、圖、表、化學結構式、數學公式或與角注、插圖、表格、參考文獻等有關符號。允許使用公知的縮略語,但非標準的,特別是作者自構的縮略語在第一次出現時需加注全稱,如:muscle protein(MP),blood plasma protein(BPP).
3.3 在文字上要遵循一般英語語法
1、人稱:摘要是從客觀的角度用簡練的語言介紹論文的主要內容的,因此忌用第一、第二人稱,而用第三人稱。
2、動態:在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)第(di)三(san)人(ren)稱(cheng)時(shi),也(ye)應(ying)使(shi)用(yong)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)客(ke)體(ti)作(zuo)主(zhu)語(yu),這(zhe)樣(yang)既(ji)顯(xian)得(de)客(ke)觀(guan),也(ye)能(neng)避(bi)免(mian)敘(xu)述(shu)中(zhong)心(xin)轉(zhuan)移(yi),從(cong)而(er)維(wei)護(hu)統(tong)一(yi)性(xing),又(you)便(bian)於(yu)具(ju)體(ti)內(nei)容(rong)的(de)輔(fu)陳(chen)。采(cai)用(yong)以(yi)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)客(ke)體(ti)作(zuo)主(zhu)語(yu)決(jue)定(ding)了(le)謂(wei)語(yu)多(duo)用(yong)被(bei)動(dong)語(yu)態(tai)。
3、謂語時態:yingwenzhaiyaoyuanzeshangbupaichirenheshitaideshiyong,danyiyibanguoqushiweizuiduojian。yinweizhaiyaoneixushudegongzuoxiangduiyuwenzhangfabiaoshiyishiguoqudeshi,jiangsuodedejieguohejielunyongyibanguoqushibiaodashishuomingdangshideqingkuang,erbujiangqishiweipubianxingguilvhuozhenli,zheyangbijiaokeguan。danduiguilvxingshiwuwangwangyongyibanxianzaishibiaoda,yinwei,guilvxingshiwuguoquruci,xianzairuci,jianglaiyeyinggairuci。
如在A total of 124 batches of fresh Autrian lamb was analysed for shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli(STEC)中,A total of 124 batches of fresh Autrian lamb就是用研究的客體作主語,因而用的是第三人稱,同時語態也是被動語態(was),而時態也很明顯的是用過去時(was)。
4 小結
我們在寫英文摘要時要注意文摘的用語、遣語造句以及修辭,既不能寫出大量零碎的短句,也不能寫太長的長句以避免出錯。總之, 一篇好的英文科技論文摘要,應寫得簡明扼要,有實際內容,合乎英語語法。
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