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春chun秋qiu時shi期qi，吳wu國guo和he越yue國guo之zhi間jian進jin行xing了le一yi場chang戰zhan爭zheng，吳wu王wang不bu幸xing受shou了le重zhong傷shang，不bu久jiu就jiu死si了le。他ta的de兒er子zi夫fu差cha作zuo了le吳wu國guo的de新xin國guo王wang，他ta發fa誓shi要yao替ti父fu親qin報bao仇chou。於yu是shi，他ta嚴yan格ge的de操cao練lian他ta的de士shi兵bing，把ba他ta們men訓xun練lian成cheng了le一yi支zhi非fei常chang厲li害hai的de軍jun隊dui。三san年nian以yi後hou，他ta對dui越yue國guo發fa動dong了le戰zhan爭zheng，抓zhua住zhu了le越yue王wang勾gou踐jian，把ba他ta帶dai回hui了le吳wu國guo。
為了複仇，夫差讓勾踐住在他父親墓旁的破石屋裏天天看墓、喂wei馬ma。勾gou踐jian表biao麵mian上shang服fu從cong，心xin裏li麵mian卻que想xiang著zhe複fu仇chou。幾ji年nian以yi後hou，勾gou踐jian被bei放fang回hui越yue國guo。他ta立li刻ke開kai始shi秘mi密mi聚ju集ji一yi支zhi軍jun隊dui。為wei了le提ti醒xing自zi己ji不bu要yao忘wang了le報bao仇chou，他ta睡shui在zai柴chai上shang，還hai每mei天tian在zai吃chi飯fan睡shui覺jiao前qian嚐chang一yi嚐chang苦ku膽dan。同tong時shi，他ta專zhuan心xin治zhi理li國guo家jia，大da力li發fa展zhan農nong業ye，加jia強qiang民min眾zhong教jiao育yu。幾ji年nian後hou，越yue國guo又you變bian得de強qiang大da起qi來lai，然ran後hou，勾gou踐jian抓zhua住zhu一yi個ge適shi當dang的de機ji會hui消xiao滅mie了le吳wu國guo。
後來，人們用它來形容人刻苦自勵以達到自己定下的目標。
參考譯文：
During the Spring and Autumn period （770－476BC）, the State of Wu launched an attack against the State of Yue. The King of Wu was seriously wounded and soon died. His son Fu Chai became the new King. Fu was determined to get revenge. He drilled his army rigidly until it was a perfect fighting force. Three years later, he led his army against the State of Yue and caught its king Gou Jian. Fu took him to the State of Wu.
In order to avenge his father's death, Fu let him live in a shabby stone house by his father's tomb and ordered him to raise horses for him. Gou pretended to be loyal to Fu but he never forgot his humiliation. Many years later, he was set free. Gou secretly accumulated a military force after he went back to his own state. In order to make himself tougher he slept on firewood and ate a gall-bladder before having dinner and going to bed every night. At the same time he administered his state carefully, developing agriculture and educating the people. After a few years, his country became strong. Then Gou seized a favorable opportunity to wipe out the State of Wu.
Later, people use it to describe one who endures self-imposed hardships to strengthen one's resolve to realize one's ambition.
