一、發生特點:yehuobingzhuyaofashengyuyanzhuwangchanghouqi。miaoqiyoushiyeyoufasheng。yepianshouhaishi,shouxianchanshengheseshuizizhuangxiaoyuanban,zhouweiyouyiquanhenkuandehuangyun。bingbankuodahouhebingweibuguizededaban,shangyoulunwen。tianqichaoshishibingbukexingchengbocengjun,ganzaohoubingbanpolietuoluo,yepianhuihuai。yehuobingzaiyunnandatianyanzhuyibanzai6月下旬至7月上旬開始發病,隨後病情迅速上升,至7月中旬出現第1個流行高峰。7月下旬病情下降,8月上旬病情又回升出現第2個高峰期,比第1個高峰期病情增長值低。8月中旬病情下降流行緩慢,直至煙株頂葉成熟。在8月下旬多雨的情況下,田間病情會迅速上升,造成煙株上部葉片受害。
角jiao斑ban病bing在zai煙yan株zhu生sheng長chang後hou期qi發fa病bing較jiao重zhong。病bing葉ye上shang形xing成cheng的de角jiao形xing黑hei褐he色se小xiao斑ban,邊bian緣yuan明ming顯xian,四si周zhou無wu明ming顯xian黃huang暈yun。成cheng株zhu葉ye片pian發fa病bing嚴yan重zhong時shi,病bing斑ban呈cheng多duo角jiao形xing或huo不bu規gui則ze形xing,黑hei褐he色se或huo邊bian緣yuan黑hei褐he色se,中zhong央yang呈cheng灰hui褐he或huo汙wu白bai色se,且qie常chang出chu現xian重zhong雲yun形xing輪lun紋wen,沿yan葉ye脈mai發fa展zhan時shi呈cheng條tiao臂bi狀zhuang。角jiao斑ban病bing流liu行xing規gui律lv與yu野ye火huo病bing相xiang似si。
二、發病條件:煙草野火病與角斑病病菌除了在種子和病株殘體上越冬以外,還可以在許多作物和雜草的根係附近生存。病菌靠風雨、昆kun蟲chong傳chuan播bo。病bing菌jun由you葉ye片pian的de氣qi孔kong侵qin入ru。葉ye片pian濕shi潤run,氣qi孔kong中zhong有you水shui才cai容rong易yi侵qin入ru內nei部bu。水shui分fen有you限xian,細xi菌jun隻zhi能neng在zai葉ye片pian上shang形xing成cheng一yi個ge黑hei色se小xiao點dian。葉ye片pian充chong水shui最zui有you利li於yu細xi菌jun的de生sheng長chang。空kong氣qi和he土tu壤rang濕shi度du大da尤you其qi是shi暴bao風feng雨yu後hou發fa病bing嚴yan重zhong。施shi氮dan肥fei過guo多duo,鉀jia肥fei不bu足zu,煙yan株zhu生sheng長chang後hou期qi過guo旺wang,易yi感gan病bing。
三、防治方法:由於目前尚無理想的抗病優質品種,在防治上,采取“預防為主,綜合防治”的de方fang法fa。實shi行xing合he理li輪lun作zuo,連lian作zuo地di比bi輪lun作zuo地di發fa病bing重zhong。銷xiao毀hui煙yan田tian病bing殘can體ti,減jian少shao侵qin染ran源yuan,可ke有you效xiao降jiang低di危wei害hai。適shi當dang使shi用yong氮dan肥fei,注zhu意yi增zeng施shi磷lin鉀jia肥fei,提ti高gao煙yan株zhu抗kang病bing力li。及ji時shi摘zhai除chu易yi感gan病bing底di腳jiao葉ye改gai善shan田tian間jian小xiao氣qi候hou條tiao件jian,減jian少shao病bing菌jun侵qin染ran危wei害hai。煙yan草cao旺wang長chang前qian期qi及ji打da頂ding後hou噴pen1:1:160的波爾多液或200單位/毫升農用鏈黴素,7-10天1次,連噴2-3次。
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