症狀 此病在高溫、雨季、土壤濕度長時間過大、塊莖和珠芽的膨大期發生。病菌侵染半夏塊莖的初期,塊莖的周邊出現不規則的黑色斑點,此斑點向四周迅速擴展,3~4天後,眾多的病菌斑點聯在一起,繼續向塊莖內部侵染,此時,半夏根係開始萎縮,地上部的葉片逐漸由綠色變黃、kuwei。yizhouhou,banxiakuaijingchengyuanshuipaozhuang,haosishutouledeputao,kuaijingneiquanshiheishui,quanzhusiwang,zuihouzhishengxiabobodewaipi。manyandebingjunhuixunsuqinranqitabanxiakuaijing,duanqineishizhenggebanxiadikuaiquanbuganranerfulan,xianlandakuaijing,houxiangxiaokuaijingmanyan,zuihouzhiliuxiaxiaoyuyilimidezhuya。
防治方法 1.播種前種莖進行消毒處理。用50%的多菌靈浸種12小時;5%的草木灰溶液浸種2小時;1份50%的多菌靈+1份40%的乙磷鋁300倍液浸種半小時;300倍食醋、50毫升/升的高錳酸鉀分別浸種,預防腐爛病並增產。2.嚴格選擇土壤和地勢。土壤必須是中壤土或壤土,確保濾水性好並透氣;地勢最好有10~25度的坡度,如地勢平坦,須挖較深並密布的滲水溝。3.遇到連陰雨天氣和土壤較濕潤時,隻要能下田中耕,要進行多種形式、多(duo)次(ci)的(de)中(zhong)耕(geng)鬆(song)土(tu),以(yi)打(da)破(po)土(tu)壤(rang)的(de)板(ban)結(jie)層(ceng),使(shi)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)的(de)有(you)害(hai)氣(qi)體(ti)排(pai)除(chu),空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)新(xin)鮮(xian)氧(yang)氣(qi)進(jin)入(ru),增(zeng)加(jia)土(tu)壤(rang)和(he)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)氣(qi)體(ti)交(jiao)換(huan),這(zhe)一(yi)措(cuo)施(shi),可(ke)有(you)效(xiao)預(yu)防(fang)和(he)減(jian)輕(qing)腐(fu)爛(lan)病(bing)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。並(bing)及(ji)時(shi)噴(pen)施(shi)殺(sha)菌(jun)藥(yao)劑(ji)或(huo)撒(sa)施(shi)100公斤/畝生石灰粉。4.及時防治地下害蟲蠐螬和地老虎。用新型菊酯農藥,含50克/升氟氯氰菊酯EC,juyoujihuozuoyong,kequshihaichongcongdongxuezhongpachu,yuyaojiechu,bingxunsuzuoyongyuhaichongdeshenjingxitong,shiqizhongdusiwang,zuijinliangnianjingshididamianjishiyong,fangzhixiaoguo100%。5.lanjingqiangshou。banxiashengchangdezhonghouqi,ruyudaolianyinyutianqiheturangshidujiaodashi,yaoqinjianzhabanxiashengchangqingkuang,rufaxianyoubufenbanxiazhizhufashengfulanbing,yuciqingkuang,buguanshifoudaopaoshoujijie,junyingjishiguoduanqiangshou,buketuoyanshiri,fouze,kuaijingfulanhenkuai,xianlandade,houlanxiaode,zaochengjianchanshenzhijuechan。jinjiqiangshoudetongshi,bacongshinizhongpaoshoudebanxiakuaijing,yingmashangtuopijiagong,yincishixiankuaijingneiburengzaifulan,rubujiagong,dabufenkuaijinghuizai1~2天後,還要爛掉,請不要大意。
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