由於7—8月我省雨水偏多,鎮江等地葡萄霜黴病發生較重,不利於保護秋葉,會影響樹體養分積累和來年生長結果。
今年7月份以來多雨日、強雨量、少(shao)日(ri)照(zhao)的(de)天(tian)氣(qi),使(shi)得(de)當(dang)地(di)空(kong)氣(qi)潮(chao)濕(shi),葡(pu)萄(tao)園(yuan)土(tu)壤(rang)濕(shi)度(du)偏(pian)大(da),葉(ye)片(pian)光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)減(jian)弱(ruo),霜(shuang)黴(mei)病(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)較(jiao)重(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)以(yi)露(lu)地(di)栽(zai)培(pei)的(de)早(zao)中(zhong)熟(shu)葡(pu)萄(tao)品(pin)種(zhong)如(ru)夏(xia)黑(hei)、巨峰受害較重,而避雨栽培的美人指受害較輕。由於降雨頻繁,發病田塊無法施藥或施藥防效差,病情難以得到有效控製。
霜(shuang)黴(mei)病(bing)是(shi)葡(pu)萄(tao)上(shang)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)病(bing)害(hai)之(zhi)一(yi),在(zai)各(ge)地(di)都(dou)有(you)發(fa)生(sheng),主(zhu)要(yao)危(wei)害(hai)葉(ye)片(pian),造(zao)成(cheng)早(zao)期(qi)落(luo)葉(ye),還(hai)可(ke)以(yi)危(wei)害(hai)新(xin)梢(shao)和(he)果(guo)穗(sui)。主(zhu)要(yao)症(zheng)狀(zhuang)是(shi)葉(ye)片(pian)正(zheng)麵(mian)出(chu)現(xian)多(duo)角(jiao)形(xing)黃(huang)斑(ban),後(hou)期(qi)會(hui)枯(ku)死(si),顏(yan)色(se)變(bian)褐(he),背(bei)麵(mian)產(chan)生(sheng)白(bai)色(se)霜(shuang)黴(mei)。該(gai)病(bing)屬(shu)真(zhen)菌(jun)性(xing)病(bing)害(hai),病(bing)菌(jun)主(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)卵(luan)孢(bao)子(zi)隨(sui)病(bing)殘(can)體(ti)在(zai)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)越(yue)冬(dong),少(shao)數(shu)也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)以(yi)菌(jun)絲(si)體(ti)在(zai)芽(ya)中(zhong)越(yue)冬(dong)。葡(pu)萄(tao)生(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)節(jie),病(bing)害(hai)一(yi)般(ban)從(cong)下(xia)部(bu)葉(ye)片(pian)開(kai)始(shi)發(fa)生(sheng),病(bing)菌(jun)孢(bao)子(zi)借(jie)風(feng)雨(yu)傳(chuan)播(bo)。該(gai)病(bing)為(wei)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)雨(yu)季(ji)流(liu)行(xing)病(bing)害(hai),通(tong)常(chang)發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)秋(qiu)季(ji),尤(you)其(qi)在(zai)秋(qiu)季(ji)低(di)溫(wen)多(duo)雨(yu)、晝夜溫差大的情況下易流行。地勢低窪、土質黏重、排水不暢、栽植密度大、通風不良、施氮肥偏多的葡萄園發病重。
dangqianputaozhengchuyuchengshucaishouqi,yingzaicaishoujieshuhouqiangzhuaqingtianjishiyongyaofangzhishuangmeibing,yifangyepianzaoluo。xixianmalintuijianyongyufangzhiputaoshuangmeibing,weiyanhuanbingjunkangyaoxingchansheng,shengchanshangyijiangqiyuyilinlv、甲霜靈等藥交替使用。土壤濕度大的田塊需排水降漬,以增加根係有氧呼吸強度,提高代謝能力,增強植株抗病能力。同時做好修剪、清園等工作,將病枝葉、病果帶出田外銷毀,以減少園內菌源。
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