症狀特點:
幼(you)苗(miao)發(fa)病(bing),胚(pei)莖(jing)基(ji)部(bu)呈(cheng)水(shui)漬(zi)狀(zhuang),很(hen)快(kuai)出(chu)現(xian)猝(cu)倒(dao),致(zhi)使(shi)幼(you)苗(miao)枯(ku)死(si)。成(cheng)株(zhu)期(qi)葉(ye)片(pian)感(gan)病(bing),開(kai)始(shi)出(chu)現(xian)水(shui)漬(zi)狀(zhuang)不(bu)規(gui)則(ze)形(xing)病(bing)斑(ban),具(ju)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)輪(lun)紋(wen),進(jin)而(er)發(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)褐(he)色(se)或(huo)紫(zi)褐(he)色(se)。莖(jing)部(bu)受(shou)害(hai)形(xing)成(cheng)水(shui)漬(zi)狀(zhuang)縊(yi)縮(suo)或(huo)折(zhe)斷(duan),並(bing)長(chang)出(chu)白(bai)黴(mei)。花(hua)器(qi)受(shou)害(hai),呈(cheng)褐(he)色(se)腐(fu)爛(lan)。果(guo)實(shi)受(shou)害(hai)最(zui)重(zhong),開(kai)始(shi)出(chu)現(xian)水(shui)漬(zi)狀(zhuang)圓(yuan)形(xing)斑(ban)點(dian),邊(bian)緣(yuan)不(bu)明(ming)顯(xian),稍(shao)凹(ao)陷(xian),發(fa)病(bing)速(su)度(du)很(hen)快(kuai),在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),經(jing)過(guo)一(yi)夜(ye),果(guo)實(shi)上(shang)便(bian)呈(cheng)黑(hei)褐(he)色(se)腐(fu)爛(lan)狀(zhuang),果(guo)實(shi)病(bing)斑(ban)處(chu)長(chang)出(chu)白(bai)色(se)絮(xu)狀(zhuang)菌(jun)絲(si),造(zao)成(cheng)果(guo)實(shi)蒂(di)落(luo),或(huo)收(shou)縮(suo)成(cheng)僵(jiang)果(guo)。
發病規律:
gaibingshiyouqieyimeijunjishengyinqideyizhongzhenjunbinghai。bingjundeluanbaozijingyujiandaozhizhutishangmengfayaguan,chanshengfuzheqi,changchujunsi,youjizhubiaopizhijieqinrubingbu,chanshengdebaozinangsuoshifangchudeyoudongbaozikuodachuanbo,shibinghaijinyibukuodamanyan。gaowengaoshiyouliyubenbingfazhan,yibanqiwenzai25~30℃,相對濕度在85%以(yi)上(shang),植(zhi)株(zhu)表(biao)麵(mian)結(jie)水(shui),病(bing)害(hai)發(fa)展(zhan)迅(xun)速(su)而(er)嚴(yan)重(zhong)。地(di)勢(shi)低(di)窪(wa),排(pai)水(shui)不(bu)良(liang),連(lian)續(xu)陰(yin)雨(yu),土(tu)壤(rang)黏(nian)重(zhong),氮(dan)肥(fei)施(shi)用(yong)過(guo)多(duo),密(mi)度(du)過(guo)大(da),重(zhong)茬(cha)種(zhong)植(zhi),都(dou)是(shi)本(ben)病(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)之(zhi)一(yi)。
防治方法:
1.農業防治。選用抗病品種,如紫光大圓茄、通選1號、遼茄3號和濟南小長茄等。與非茄科、葫蘆科蔬菜實行2~3年輪作。采用高畦種植,及時排水除濕,施足底肥,增施磷、鉀肥。葉麵噴施磷酸二氫鉀、永業生命素,以增強茄子的抗病能力。適時整枝,及時摘除病葉、老葉,保持田間通風透光,這些措施都有減輕病害的作用。
2.藥劑防治。要預防為主,藥劑要早防早治。發病初期可噴灑80%三乙磷酸鋁(乙磷鋁、疫霜靈)600倍液,或58%甲霜靈·錳鋅可濕性粉劑500倍液,或72.2%普力克水劑800倍液,每隔7~10天噴一次,連噴3~4次。(
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