suizhewoguoyangqinyedexunsufazhan，duiyangzhijishudexuqiuyeyuelaiyuegao。danmuqian，woguodejiyuehuayangzhihaibupubian，fensanyangzhijingyingrengzhanyoushi。youyufensanyangzhidegetinonghuzhishiqianque，suoyizaiyangzhizhongcunzaihenduowuqu，zhishiyangzhihujingjixiaoyidixia，shenzhikuiben、pochan。benwenduinonghuyangqinyezhongpubiancunzaidejigewentijinxingleguina，bingtichulejidianduice，yizengjianongcunyangzhihudezhuanyejishushuiping，cujinyangqinyedejiankangfazhan。

一、消毒中存在的誤區及對策

1、用(yong)幹(gan)石(shi)灰(hui)代(dai)替(ti)禽(qin)舍(she)門(men)前(qian)的(de)消(xiao)毒(du)池(chi)。養(yang)殖(zhi)場(chang)門(men)前(qian)應(ying)設(she)消(xiao)毒(du)池(chi)，然(ran)而(er)有(you)些(xie)養(yang)殖(zhi)戶(hu)貪(tan)圖(tu)省(sheng)事(shi)，消(xiao)毒(du)池(chi)用(yong)幹(gan)石(shi)灰(hui)代(dai)替(ti)。實(shi)際(ji)上(shang)幹(gan)石(shi)灰(hui)沒(mei)有(you)消(xiao)毒(du)作(zuo)用(yong)，隻(zhi)有(you)幹(gan)石(shi)灰(hui)遇(yu)到(dao)水(shui)離(li)解(jie)出(chu)氫(qing)氧(yang)根(gen)離(li)子(zi)才(cai)能(neng)起(qi)到(dao)消(xiao)毒(du)作(zuo)用(yong)。相(xiang)反(fan)
，特(te)別(bie)在(zai)有(you)風(feng)的(de)天(tian)氣(qi)，幹(gan)石(shi)灰(hui)粉(fen)吹(chui)到(dao)禽(qin)舍(she)，刺(ci)激(ji)禽(qin)的(de)眼(yan)睛(jing)和(he)呼(hu)吸(xi)道(dao)，會(hui)誘(you)發(fa)呼(hu)吸(xi)道(dao)等(deng)疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。因(yin)此(ci)，建(jian)議(yi)廣(guang)大(da)養(yang)殖(zhi)戶(hu)在(zai)禽(qin)舍(she)周(zhou)圍(wei)及(ji)消(xiao)毒(du)池(chi)中(zhong)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)用(yong)液(ye)體(ti)消(xiao)毒(du)劑(ji)
，並(bing)在(zai)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)經(jing)常(chang)更(geng)換(huan)，這(zhe)樣(yang)才(cai)能(neng)真(zhen)正(zheng)起(qi)到(dao)消(xiao)毒(du)作(zuo)用(yong)。

2、熏蒸消毒忽視空氣濕度。熏蒸消毒省時省力，但其必須在空氣中達到一定的劑量且空氣中的濕度達到75%以yi上shang才cai能neng很hen好hao地di起qi到dao消xiao毒du作zuo用yong。目mu前qian市shi場chang上shang出chu售shou的de熏xun蒸zheng消xiao毒du劑ji均jun存cun在zai著zhe劑ji量liang不bu足zu，含han量liang偏pian低di的de問wen題ti，如ru果guo按an照zhao其qi標biao出chu的de消xiao毒du劑ji量liang，實shi際ji消xiao毒du效xiao果guo並bing不bu理li想xiang
，有you的de根gen本ben就jiu沒mei有you達da到dao消xiao毒du目mu的de。因yin此ci，建jian議yi廣guang大da養yang殖zhi戶hu盡jin量liang選xuan擇ze有you正zheng規gui批pi號hao的de廠chang家jia生sheng產chan的de消xiao毒du劑ji
，同tong時shi要yao考kao慮lv適shi當dang加jia量liang使shi用yong。

3
、yinshuizhongchangqijiaruxiaoduji。yinshuixiaodushiyizhongjiaohaodefangbingzhibingfangfa，danyouxieyangzhihuweiledadaozheyimude，zaiyinshuizhongchangqijiaruxiaoduji
，zheyangzuoshixiaoduxiaoguodadajiangdi（因細菌或病毒對長期使用的消毒劑產生了耐藥性）
，還(hai)導(dao)致(zhi)禽(qin)腸(chang)道(dao)內(nei)益(yi)生(sheng)菌(jun)群(qun)的(de)嚴(yan)重(zhong)失(shi)調(tiao)，影(ying)響(xiang)了(le)正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)消(xiao)化(hua)功(gong)能(neng)
，造(zao)成(cheng)生(sheng)長(chang)緩(huan)慢(man)，抗(kang)病(bing)力(li)減(jian)弱(ruo)。因(yin)此(ci)
，建(jian)議(yi)農(nong)戶(hu)應(ying)定(ding)時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)飲(yin)水(shui)消(xiao)毒(du)
，並(bing)選(xuan)擇(ze)消(xiao)毒(du)效(xiao)力(li)強(qiang)，毒(du)性(xing)小(xiao)
，無(wu)殘(can)留(liu)的(de)消(xiao)毒(du)劑(ji)2-3種交替使用
，這樣效果更佳。

二
、免疫中存在的誤區及對策

1
、盲目加大疫苗的用量。有些農戶在使用疫苗時盲目加大劑量。如正常情況下200隻幼雞才能用完1瓶的新城疫Ⅰ係苗，有的農戶30-40zhiyoujijiuyongwanle。tamenrenweiyimiaorutongsiliao，chideyueduo，xishouyueduo

，dangranxiaoguoyejiuyuehao，shishishang，guoliangdeyimiaonengyinqiqiangliedeyingjifanying，shenzhiyinqimianyimabi，yanzhongzhehainengyinfaxiangyingchuanranbingdebaofa。yinci
，jianyiyangzhihuyidingyaoanyaoqiujinxingmianyijiezhong，zheyangcainengyouliyumianyikangtidechansheng。

2

、liezhishuixishiyimiao。youhenduononghuzaixishiyimiaoshi
，meiyouyongxiangyingdexishiyehuozhusheyongshui，ershizhijiejiaruhanyoupiaobaifendezilaishuihuoshiyongshuizhihengaodejingshuideng，zheyangdouhuizaochengmianyixiaoguoxiajiang。yinci，yingjinliangshiyongxiangyingdexishiyehuozhusheyongshuilaixishiyimiao。

3、免mian疫yi時shi間jian掌zhang握wo不bu當dang。有you些xie農nong戶hu不bu懂dong各ge種zhong疫yi苗miao的de具ju體ti免mian疫yi時shi間jian，以yi至zhi該gai用yong甲jia疫yi苗miao時shi而er偏pian用yong了le乙yi疫yi苗miao
，或huo疫yi苗miao使shi用yong過guo早zao或huo過guo晚wan，錯cuo過guo了le疫yi苗miao免mian疫yi的de最zui佳jia時shi間jian。因yin此ci，建jian議yi養yang殖zhi戶hu根gen據ju書shu本ben介jie紹shao，結jie合he本ben地di實shi際ji，製zhi定ding一yi個ge較jiao為wei合he理li的de免mian疫yi計ji劃hua。

4、免疫操作失誤。如疫苗稀釋濃度過低；滴鼻時藥液未能吸入鼻腔內；飲水免疫時間過長造成疫苗效力降低；注射免疫時針孔過大造成藥液漏出等。

5、免疫程序混亂。有許多養殖戶照搬書上的免疫程序而不考慮本地疫病流行情況。例如，在無傳染性喉炎的地區使用傳喉疫苗

；有(you)的(de)養(yang)殖(zhi)戶(hu)多(duo)種(zhong)免(mian)疫(yi)程(cheng)序(xu)組(zu)合(he)在(zai)一(yi)起(qi)，認(ren)為(wei)這(zhe)樣(yang)可(ke)以(yi)互(hu)補(bu)所(suo)短(duan)，以(yi)至(zhi)於(yu)天(tian)天(tian)都(dou)給(gei)所(suo)養(yang)家(jia)禽(qin)使(shi)用(yong)不(bu)同(tong)疫(yi)苗(miao)，這(zhe)樣(yang)就(jiu)造(zao)成(cheng)了(le)疫(yi)苗(miao)之(zhi)間(jian)互(hu)相(xiang)幹(gan)擾(rao)
，嚴(yan)重(zhong)影(ying)響(xiang)免(mian)疫(yi)抗(kang)體(ti)產(chan)生(sheng)。

6
、相關對策措施。免疫時的家禽必須是真正健康的群體（特殊情況下進行緊急免疫接種外）；免疫時要注意避免母源抗體和注射抗體的影響；各種疫苗進行穿插免疫時，間隔時間不應少於7天；免疫操作要可靠，疫苗稀釋要符合規定，飲水免疫的疫苗量要加倍，並要保證2小時全部飲完疫苗水；疫苗質量要可靠有效。

三、用藥存在的誤區

1

、lanyongyaowu。youdeyangzhihubakangjunyaowudangzuofangzhiyibingdegenbentujing
，changqizaisiliaoheyinshuizhongtianjia，yanzhongpohuailejitineijunqundepinghenghuoyinqinaiyaoxingjunzhudeexingfanzhi
，daozhijitidexiaohuajinengzhangai，chanshengjiqiangdedufuzuoyong，yingxiangleqindezhengchangfayu。

2、mangmuyongyaojibuanchengxuyongyao。youxieyangzhihurenweidangqianshouyaozhiliangwufabaozheng，yushimangmujiadayongyaojiliang
，zhebujinzaochengyaowulangfei，erqiejiyifashengxujizhongduxianxiang，yeyouxieyangzhihuzaiqinhuanbinghou，youyuqiuzhiyuxinqie，yaoqiutouyaolijiyouxiao，fouzejiushirenweiyongyaobuduizhengermangmugenghuanqitayaowu。shijishang，renheyaowudoubixuzaijitineiweichiyidingshijianhenongducainengqidaoshamiebingjundezuoyong。liru，huanganleiyaowushouciyongliangyingjiabeiqiean3-5天1個療程才有效。有些養殖戶不懂藥物的配伍禁忌，把酸性藥物與堿性藥物（如青黴素和鏈黴素等）混用
，有些養殖戶對有效的藥物長期反複使用，致使機體產生耐藥性而使藥效降低等。

四、genghuansiliaopinfan。xianyoudesiliaochangjiayuelaiyueduo，gegechangjiadesiliaopeifangjiyingyangshuipingbujinxiangtong，youxieyangzhihujingbuzhuchangjiadexuanchuanbuduangenghuansiliao。shishishang
，jiaqinduirenheyizhongsiliaodouyouyigeshiyingguocheng
，genghuansiliaoyeshiyizhongyingji，suiransiliaoyingyangbuquanshiyingtiaozheng
，danbunengmangmugenghuan，yipiqinyingxuanzeyizhongzhilianghaoqieshuxidezhimingpinpaisiliaojiaoweiheshi。

五、病bing死si禽qin處chu理li不bu當dang。有you不bu少shao養yang殖zhi戶hu，對dui病bing禽qin不bu能neng及ji時shi隔ge離li與yu封feng鎖suo
，甚shen至zhi有you的de還hai食shi用yong或huo上shang市shi出chu售shou

，對dui病bing死si的de禽qin屍shi體ti隨sui便bian亂luan丟diu，不bu焚fen燒shao或huo深shen埋mai，造zao成cheng環huan境jing反fan複fu被bei汙wu染ran。因yin此ci
，建jian議yi廣guang大da養yang殖zhi戶hu一yi定ding要yao樹shu立li牢lao固gu的de防fang病bing意yi識shi，培pei養yang良liang好hao的de飼si養yang和he管guan理li習xi慣guan
，對dui一yi旦dan發fa生sheng傳chuan染ran病bing的de家jia禽qin，要yao及ji時shi施shi行xing隔ge離li和he封feng鎖suo
，病bing禽qin和he病bing死si禽qin不bu得de食shi用yong或huo出chu售shou，死si禽qin要yao火huo化hua或huo深shen埋mai，不bu得de亂luan丟diu。