雞ji舍she的de通tong風feng分fen機ji械xie通tong風feng和he自zi然ran通tong風feng二er種zhong。在zai設she計ji通tong風feng係xi統tong時shi,不bu僅jin要yao考kao慮lv肉rou雞ji的de飼si養yang密mi度du和he當dang地di最zui高gao氣qi溫wen,而er且qie要yao注zhu意yi通tong風feng均jun勻yun,應ying參can考kao每mei隻zhi雞ji的de換huan氣qi標biao準zhun量liang與yu飼si養yang隻zhi數shu,計ji算suan出chu需xu要yao的de換huan氣qi量liang,然ran後hou根gen據ju待dai安an裝zhuang的de風feng機ji性xing能neng算suan出chu應ying配pei備bei的de風feng機ji台tai數shu。
自然通風則使用窗口,在自然風力和溫差的作用下進行,窗口總麵積(在華北地區)一般為建築麵積的1/3左zuo右you。為wei了le雞ji舍she內nei通tong風feng均jun勻yun,窗chuang口kou應ying對dui稱cheng且qie均jun勻yun分fen布bu。為wei了le調tiao節jie通tong風feng量liang,還hai可ke把ba窗chuang子zi做zuo成cheng上shang下xia兩liang排pai,根gen據ju通tong風feng量liang要yao求qiu開kai關guan部bu分fen窗chuang戶hu,既ji可ke利li用yong自zi然ran風feng力li,又you利li用yong溫wen差cha的de通tong風feng作zuo用yong。而er在zai冬dong季ji,為wei了le不bu讓rang冷leng風feng直zhi接jie吹chui到dao雞ji,還hai可ke安an裝zhuang擋dang風feng板ban,使shi風feng速su減jian低di後hou均jun勻yun進jin入ru雞ji舍she。比bi較jiao理li想xiang的de窗chuang戶hu結jie構gou分fen為wei三san層ceng裝zhuang置zhi,內nei層ceng為wei鐵tie絲si網wang,有you利li於yu防fang止zhi野ye鳥niao類lei入ru舍she和he防fang止zhi獸shou害hai等deng,中zhong間jian是shi玻bo璃li窗chuang框kuang架jia,外wai層ceng是shi塑su料liao薄bo膜mo主zhu要yao用yong於yu冬dong季ji保bao溫wen。
機械通風是密閉式雞舍、肉雞高密度、大群飼養條件下調節舍內環境狀況的主要方法,通風與控溫、控濕、除(chu)塵(chen)及(ji)調(tiao)節(jie)空(kong)氣(qi)成(cheng)分(fen)密(mi)切(qie)相(xiang)關(guan)。當(dang)代(dai)肉(rou)雞(ji)密(mi)閉(bi)式(shi)雞(ji)舍(she)的(de)機(ji)械(xie)通(tong)風(feng)方(fang)式(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括(kuo)兩(liang)種(zhong),即(ji)橫(heng)向(xiang)式(shi)通(tong)風(feng)和(he)縱(zong)向(xiang)式(shi)通(tong)風(feng),這(zhe)兩(liang)種(zhong)通(tong)風(feng)方(fang)式(shi)各(ge)有(you)利(li)弊(bi),在(zai)雞(ji)舍(she)設(she)計(ji)中(zhong)可(ke)根(gen)據(ju)具(ju)體(ti)實(shi)際(ji)選(xuan)用(yong)適(shi)宜(yi)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)。
1.橫向式通風。當雞舍長度較短跨度不超過10米mi時shi,多duo采cai用yong橫heng向xiang式shi通tong風feng。橫heng向xiang式shi通tong風feng主zhu要yao有you正zheng壓ya係xi統tong和he負fu壓ya係xi統tong兩liang種zhong設she計ji。所suo謂wei正zheng壓ya通tong風feng係xi統tong是shi靠kao風feng機ji將jiang外wai界jie新xin鮮xian空kong氣qi吸xi入ru舍she內nei,使shi舍she內nei空kong氣qi因yin氣qi壓ya增zeng大da又you自zi行xing由you排pai氣qi口kou排pai出chu舍she外wai的de氣qi體ti交jiao換huan方fang式shi,該gai係xi統tong雖sui然ran可ke調tiao節jie舍she內nei溫wen度du,改gai善shan舍she內nei空kong氣qi分fen布bu狀zhuang況kuang,減jian少shao舍she內nei賊zei風feng等deng,但dan因yin其qi具ju有you設she備bei成cheng本ben高gao,費fei用yong大da,安an裝zhuang難nan度du大da,適shi用yong範fan圍wei較jiao窄zhai等deng缺que點dian,故gu在zai生sheng產chan實shi踐jian中zhong,使shi用yong較jiao少shao。
yingyongbijiaopubiandeshifuyatongfengxitong,moxiangshifuyatongfengxitongshejianzhuangfangshijiaoduo,jiaoguangweicaiyongdezhuyaoshichuantoushitongfeng。chuantoushitongfengshizhijiangfengjianzhuangzaiceqiangshang,zaifengjiduiceqiangbideduiyingbuweishejinfengkou,xinxiankongqicongjinfengkouliuruhou,chuanguojishedehengjing,paichushewai。citongfengshejiyaoqiupaifengliangshaodayujinqiliang,shisheneiqiyashaodiyushewaiqiya,youliyushewaixinxiankongqizaigaifuyayingxiangxia,zidongliujinjishe。yibandekongqiliusuxiajiwei0.5米/秒,冬季為0.1~0.2米/秒,此可用球式風速計測定。測定了空氣流速及通風麵積後,便可計算出通風量。通風量(立方米/小時)=3600×通風麵積(平方米)×空氣流速(米/秒)。
2.縱向式通風。當雞舍長度達80米以上,跨度在10米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)時(shi),則(ze)應(ying)采(cai)用(yong)縱(zong)向(xiang)式(shi)通(tong)風(feng),這(zhe)樣(yang),既(ji)優(you)化(hua)了(le)雞(ji)舍(she)通(tong)風(feng)設(she)計(ji)的(de)合(he)理(li)性(xing),降(jiang)低(di)了(le)安(an)裝(zhuang)成(cheng)本(ben),也(ye)可(ke)獲(huo)得(de)較(jiao)理(li)想(xiang)的(de)通(tong)風(feng)效(xiao)果(guo)。縱(zong)向(xiang)式(shi)通(tong)風(feng)是(shi)指(zhi)將(jiang)風(feng)機(ji)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)肉(rou)雞(ji)舍(she)的(de)一(yi)側(ce)山(shan)牆(qiang)上(shang),在(zai)風(feng)機(ji)的(de)對(dui)麵(mian)山(shan)牆(qiang)或(huo)對(dui)麵(mian)山(shan)牆(qiang)的(de)兩(liang)側(ce)牆(qiang)壁(bi)上(shang)設(she)立(li)進(jin)風(feng)口(kou),使(shi)新(xin)鮮(xian)空(kong)氣(qi)在(zai)負(fu)壓(ya)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia),穿(chuan)進(jin)雞(ji)舍(she)的(de)縱(zong)徑(jing)排(pai)出(chu)舍(she)外(wai)。排(pai)風(feng)扇(shan)長(chang)1.25~1.40米,排風機的扇麵應與牆麵成100度角,可增加10%的通風效率,空氣流速為2.0~2.2米/秒,每台風機的間距以2.5~3.0米(mi)為(wei)宜(yi)。在(zai)夏(xia)季(ji)高(gao)溫(wen)時(shi)節(jie),為(wei)使(shi)雞(ji)舍(she)有(you)效(xiao)降(jiang)溫(wen),通(tong)常(chang)需(xu)在(zai)進(jin)風(feng)口(kou)安(an)裝(zhuang)濕(shi)簾(lian),即(ji)濕(shi)簾(lian)降(jiang)溫(wen)。有(you)關(guan)通(tong)風(feng)量(liang)的(de)計(ji)算(suan)請(qing)參(can)見(jian)橫(heng)向(xiang)式(shi)通(tong)風(feng)係(xi)統(tong)。因(yin)雞(ji)舍(she)縱(zong)向(xiang)式(shi)通(tong)風(feng)係(xi)統(tong)具(ju)有(you)設(she)計(ji)安(an)裝(zhuang)簡(jian)單(dan)、成本較低、通風和降溫效果良好等優點,在當代養雞生產上已廣為采用。
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