難產的救助原則是取出胎兒,挽救母羊,爭取達到母子雙全;baohumuyangdefanzhili,bimianchandaoganranhesunshang。zaizhuchanguochengzhongzhuyiyangexiaodu。jiaozhengtaierfanchangzishishi,yingjinlijiangtaiertuihuizigongnei,tuihuiyingzaimuyangzhensuodejianxieqijinxing。lachutaierdeguocheng,yingsuimuyangnuzeeryongli,yaobaochihaohuiyinbu。chandaoganzaoshiweibianyulachuhuotuihuitaier,yingxiangchandaoneiguanzhudaliangfeizaoshuihuoyouleidengrunhuaji。ruoxuyaoshoushuzhuchanhuopoufuchanshi,yaojizaojinxing。shuqianjianzhabixuzhoumi,zhengquepanduannanchanyuanyin,guoduancaiquxiangyingdejiuzhucuoshi。
常見的難產分產力性難產、產道性難產及胎兒性難產三類。前兩類是由母體異常引起的,如:母羊陣縮及努責微弱、陣縮及破水過早,子宮撚轉,陰道及陰門狹窄等。後一類難產是由胎兒的異常所造成,如:胎兒過大、胎兒畸形及發育異常等。
現將臨床常見的幾種母羊難產及助產方法介紹如下:
1、陣zhen縮suo及ji努nu責ze微wei弱ruo,是shi母mu羊yang分fen娩mian時shi由you於yu子zi宮gong及ji腹fu壁bi的de收shou縮suo次ci數shu少shao,時shi間jian短duan和he強qiang度du不bu夠gou,致zhi使shi胎tai兒er不bu能neng產chan出chu。在zai確que知zhi子zi宮gong頸jing已yi充chong分fen開kai張zhang,胎tai向xiang、taiweihetaishizhengchang,gupenwuxiazhaihuoqitayichangdeqingkuangxia,ruguoyongshouheqixiedouchubudaotaier,keshiyongcuichanyaowucijizigongshousuo。tongchangyongcuichansu,jirouhuopixiazhushe,meici5-10單位,半小時一次。若催產無效,需行剖腹產。
2、當dang胎tai兒er頭tou頸jing側ce彎wan或huo下xia彎wan,前qian肢zhi屈qu曲qu或huo肩jian部bu前qian置zhi時shi,接jie產chan員yuan將jiang手shou消xiao毒du後hou,伸shen入ru陰yin道dao把ba胎tai兒er完wan全quan推tui入ru子zi宮gong腔qiang內nei,將jiang頭tou擺bai正zheng,把ba兩liang前qian肢zhi拉la直zhi,使shi鼻bi、唇部和兩前肢伸入軟產道,然後再拉出胎兒。
3、若胎兒坐骨前置時,在將胎兒推入子宮腔的同時,用手握住兩後蹄,並順勢拉直進入軟產道,然後拉出胎兒。
4、若發現母羊屬於子宮扭轉,陰道狹窄、骨盆狹窄或變形等難產時,需要施行剖腹產。
術前,手術者的手、臂、器械、受術母羊、場地均應按要求嚴格消毒。手術部位應選在膝前皺壁和乳外靜脈之間。切開皮膚及肌肉層,剪開腹膜,切口以15-20厘(li)米(mi)為(wei)宜(yi)。打(da)開(kai)腹(fu)腔(qiang)後(hou),將(jiang)子(zi)宮(gong)體(ti)大(da)彎(wan)部(bu)托(tuo)出(chu)腹(fu)壁(bi)切(qie)口(kou)外(wai),沿(yan)著(zhe)大(da)彎(wan)切(qie)開(kai)子(zi)宮(gong)壁(bi),抽(chou)出(chu)羊(yang)水(shui),取(qu)出(chu)胎(tai)兒(er)。剝(bo)離(li)子(zi)宮(gong)切(qie)口(kou)內(nei)周(zhou)圍(wei)胎(tai)衣(yi),宮(gong)腔(qiang)內(nei)放(fang)置(zhi)80-100萬單位青黴素。然後縫合子宮切口並放入腹腔,在腹腔內放置20萬單位青黴素。最後縫合腹膜、肌肉層和皮膚。術後要注意對母羊的護理,防止感染。
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