為確保肉牛的安全生產,最為有效的舉措是要選擇健康、品pin種zhong好hao的de種zhong公gong牛niu和he母mu牛niu,繁fan育yu犢du牛niu,既ji比bi市shi場chang買mai牛niu便bian宜yi又you健jian康kang。如ru能neng利li用yong雜za交jiao一yi代dai的de雜za種zhong優you勢shi更geng好hao,能neng提ti高gao牛niu種zhong品pin質zhi,降jiang低di牛niu的de飼si養yang成cheng本ben。自繁自養目的是防止引進牛時帶入疾病,造成疾病的傳播。即使需要引進良種時,也要做好引種時的檢疫和隔離觀察30~45天後,經檢疫部門確定有無疫病再做去留的決定。但要禁止從疫區引進牛,以控製傳染病的發生。
2.嚴格衛生防疫
banniuchang,zhinengyangniu,bunengyangqitachuqin,gengbunengrangzhoubiandongwujinruchangqu,yiliyuniudejiankang。niuchangyaojianquandingqihejinjidexiaoduzhidu,changquchurukouyingbeiyouxiaodujianhexiaoduchi。niuchangmeijizhishaoxiaoduyici,niushemeiyuexiaoduyici,niuchuangmeizhouxiaoduyici,sicaoshijuyeyaodingqixiaodu。dainiuhuanjingdexiaodu,keyong0.1%新潔爾滅或0.3%過氧乙酸等每月消毒一次,以利於減少環境中的病菌等微生物。牛體在進行助產、配種、治療時,須在後軀、yinbujizhiliaobuweidengchuxiaodu,yijiangdibingyuantiganranniudejihui。niuchangxiejuewairenrunei,xuyaocanguanshi,yingchedixiaodu,gengyihuanxie。niusheyaobaochiweishengganzao。fenbianjiqiwuranwuqingchushi,xujishituidaochangwaifenchangduifeifajiaochuli。duifabingniuyaojishigeli,siniujiqichanpinyaoanyouguanguiding,zuowuhaihuachuli。yaoyong10~20%生石灰或1%~2%火huo堿jian水shui徹che底di消xiao毒du,消xiao滅mie傳chuan染ran源yuan,以yi免mian傳chuan播bo疾ji病bing。牛niu場chang工gong作zuo人ren員yuan,要yao定ding期qi體ti檢jian,若ruo檢jian出chu結jie核he等deng傳chuan染ran病bing應ying及ji時shi調tiao出chu,人ren員yuan和he車che輛liang等deng進jin入ru場chang區qu要yao更geng衣yi消xiao毒du,工gong作zuo服fu不bu可ke穿chuan出chu場chang外wai。
3.重視計劃免疫
牛場按防疫部門規定和要求,定期接種預防相關傳染病的疫苗。健康牛群每年春秋兩季各進行一次結核病、布氏杆菌病的檢疫,檢出陽性牛應及時撲殺處理。對疑似反應牛,要隔離複檢,如連續2cichuxianyisifanyingniu,yinganyangxingniupushachuli。meinianqiujiduiyizhoulingyishangdeniu,yaojinxingtanjuyabaomiaodemianyizhushe,yinianchunjizaibuzhuyici,yiqianghuamianyi。
4.定期驅蟲保健
肉牛無論舍飼或放牧過程中,都容易感染上寄生蟲病,不僅奪取牛的營養,使牛消瘦、患病,還降低了肉牛的經濟效益。因此,肉牛帶有寄生蟲不驅危害大。驅蟲應選擇高效、低毒,廣譜、使(shi)用(yong)便(bian)捷(jie)的(de)噻(sai)苯(ben)咪(mi)唑(zuo)和(he)伊(yi)維(wei)菌(jun)素(su)等(deng)給(gei)牛(niu)空(kong)腹(fu)拌(ban)料(liao)喂(wei)。如(ru)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)驅(qu)蟲(chong),應(ying)先(xian)在(zai)小(xiao)範(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)試(shi)驗(yan),取(qu)得(de)經(jing)驗(yan)後(hou)再(zai)全(quan)麵(mian)展(zhan)開(kai)。最(zui)好(hao)在(zai)有(you)隔(ge)離(li)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)專(zhuan)門(men)場(chang)所(suo)驅(qu)蟲(chong),牛(niu)驅(qu)蟲(chong)後(hou)應(ying)隔(ge)離(li)一(yi)定(ding)時(shi)間(jian),直(zhi)到(dao)蟲(chong)體(ti)和(he)蟲(chong)卵(luan)排(pai)淨(jing)為(wei)止(zhi)。驅(qu)蟲(chong)後(hou)要(yao)隨(sui)時(shi)收(shou)集(ji)蟲(chong)體(ti)和(he)蟲(chong)卵(luan)及(ji)汙(wu)染(ran)的(de)糞(fen)尿(niao),堆(dui)肥(fei)發(fa)酵(jiao)處(chu)理(li),就(jiu)能(neng)防(fang)止(zhi)蟲(chong)卵(luan)和(he)幼(you)蟲(chong)對(dui)外(wai)界(jie)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)汙(wu)染(ran),防(fang)止(zhi)病(bing)原(yuan)擴(kuo)散(san),有(you)利(li)於(yu)保(bao)護(hu)肉(rou)牛(niu)健(jian)康(kang),從(cong)而(er)降(jiang)低(di)肉(rou)牛(niu)的(de)帶(dai)蟲(chong)量(liang),這(zhe)樣(yang)做(zuo)就(jiu)能(neng)顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)肉(rou)牛(niu)的(de)驅(qu)蟲(chong)效(xiao)果(guo)。肉(rou)牛(niu)所(suo)消(xiao)化(hua)的(de)營(ying)養(yang)物(wu)質(zhi),就(jiu)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)地(di)被(bei)利(li)用(yong),育(yu)肥(fei)快(kuai)、出欄早、效益高。
5.抓好環境衛生
保(bao)持(chi)牛(niu)場(chang)和(he)牛(niu)舍(she)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)衛(wei)生(sheng),能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)減(jian)少(shao)和(he)預(yu)防(fang)病(bing)原(yuan)菌(jun)的(de)感(gan)染(ran),切(qie)斷(duan)疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)傳(chuan)播(bo)途(tu)徑(jing),控(kong)製(zhi)病(bing)原(yuan)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)與(yu)易(yi)感(gan)牛(niu)群(qun)的(de)接(jie)觸(chu)。加(jia)強(qiang)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)衛(wei)生(sheng)管(guan)理(li),重(zhong)點(dian)是(shi)抓(zhua)好(hao)肉(rou)牛(niu)的(de)飼(si)養(yang)管(guan)理(li),提(ti)高(gao)牛(niu)的(de)抗(kang)病(bing)能(neng)力(li)。保(bao)持(chi)牛(niu)舍(she)幹(gan)燥(zao)、通風、liangshuang,zhuahaoxiaodu,kongzhihexiaomiechuanranyuan。jizaofaxianhezhiliaobingniu,gelidaijunniu,fangzhibingyuankuosan。zuodaoyoubingzaozhi,wubingzaofang。jishizhuahaoniubingdeyaowuyufanghemianyiyufang,zengqiangniuzhidikangyibingqinhaidenengli。duibingniudefenbianyaosuishiqingli,yangefajiaochuli。
6.切實預防中毒
要預防農藥中毒,防止飼料、yinshuibeinongyaowuran,tebieyaokongzhiqingsiliaodelaiyuan,yipensaguonongyaodesiliaozuowuheqingcao,bunengfangmuhegecaowei。congnongtiantangchudedigoushui,doubeihuafeihenongyaowuran,bunengyonglaiyinniu。zhubeisiliaokuyaoganzao、通風,溫度不宜過高,嚴防飼料黴變。禁止用發黴飼料、沒去毒的棉籽餅等生餅類喂牛。用馬鈴薯喂牛時,忌食已腐爛、發芽、發綠的。無論舍飼或放牧都要注意防止有毒草、木的食物中毒。更要防止滅鼠藥物中毒,滅鼠藥毒性大,牛誤食可引起出血性胃腸炎或急性中毒致死,不可忽視。
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