單詞與詞組   Words and phrases

    ①transition   n. 轉變

    ②interdependence   n. 互相依賴

    ③nutrition    n. 營養

    ④inadequate    n. 不適當的

    ⑤traumatic    a. 創傷的

    ⑥deter   v. 阻止  

    ⑦autonomy    n. 自主 

    ⑧actualization   n. 實現

    ⑨cope   v. 處理

    ⑩hang on to    v. 緊緊握住 

    ⑾repress   v. 壓製 

    ⑿channel   v. 引導

    Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition① from total helplessness to independence and then to interdependence②. Losers do not. Somewhere along the line they begin to avoid becoming self-responsible.

    jinguanchenggongliyedenengliyushengjulai，renmenchushengzhijiyeshiwuzhude
，wanwanquanquandiyilaihuanjingershengcun。chenggongzheshunlidicongwanquandewuzhuguodudaozili，jiezhezaiguodudaorenjijiandexianghuyicun。shibaizhezeburan。zaizheyiguochengdemouyihuanjieshang，tamenkaishibuyuanduizijifuze。

    Few people are total winners or losers. Most of them are winners in some areas of their lives and losers in others. Their winning or losing is influenced by what happens to them in childhood.

    很hen少shao有you人ren是shi完wan全quan的de成cheng功gong者zhe或huo失shi敗bai者zhe。大da多duo數shu人ren在zai人ren生sheng的de某mou些xie方fang麵mian是shi成cheng功gong者zhe，而er在zai另ling外wai一yi些xie方fang麵mian則ze是shi失shi敗bai者zhe。人ren的de成cheng功gong和he失shi敗bai與yu童tong年nian的de經jing曆li有you關guan。

    A lack of response to dependency needs, poor nutrition③, brutality, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments, inadequate④ physical care, and traumatic⑤ events are among the many experiences that contribute to making people losers. 

    zhuruyingyouershiqiwurenzhaogu，yingyangbuliang，shoudaonuedai
，buliangderenjiguanxi，jibing
，jiezhongerzhidecuozhe，buliangdeyiliaotiaojianzaochengxinlingchuangtongdeshijiandeng，zheyiqiejinglidoukenengdaozhirenshengdeshibai。

    Such experiences interrupt, deter⑥, or prevent the normal progress toward autonomy⑦ and self-actualization⑧. To cope⑨ with negative experiences a child learns to manipulate himself and others. These manipulative techniques are hard to give up later in life and often become set patterns. A winner works to shed them. A loser hangs on to⑩ them.

    這些經曆中斷、延yan緩huan或huo阻zu礙ai了le走zou向xiang自zi立li和he自zi我wo實shi現xian的de正zheng常chang進jin程cheng。在zai應ying付fu負fu麵mian經jing曆li的de過guo程cheng中zhong，小xiao孩hai子zi學xue會hui了le操cao縱zong自zi己ji和he他ta人ren。這zhe些xie操cao縱zong性xing手shou腕wan在zai成cheng年nian後hou很hen難nan棄qi絕jue，常chang常chang變bian成cheng頑wan固gu的de習xi性xing，成cheng功gong者zhe竭jie力li棄qi絕jue這zhe種zhong習xi性xing
，而er失shi敗bai者zhe深shen陷xian其qi中zhong，難nan以yi自zi拔ba。

    A loser represses⑾ his capacity to express spontaneously and appropriately his full range of possible behavior. He may be unaware of other options for his life if the path he chooses goes nowhere. He is afraid to try new things. He maintains his own status. He is a repeater. He repeats not only his mistakes, but also those of his family and culture.

    失(shi)敗(bai)者(zhe)壓(ya)抑(yi)自(zi)己(ji)以(yi)自(zi)然(ran)而(er)得(de)體(ti)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)靈(ling)活(huo)行(xing)事(shi)的(de)能(neng)力(li)。他(ta)選(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)道(dao)路(lu)是(shi)條(tiao)死(si)胡(hu)同(tong)，他(ta)不(bu)明(ming)白(bai)人(ren)生(sheng)中(zhong)還(hai)有(you)其(qi)他(ta)許(xu)多(duo)選(xuan)擇(ze)。他(ta)不(bu)敢(gan)進(jin)行(xing)新(xin)的(de)嚐(chang)試(shi)。他(ta)維(wei)持(chi)著(zhe)現(xian)狀(zhuang)。他(ta)隻(zhi)在(zai)原(yuan)地(di)踏(ta)步(bu)，不(bu)僅(jin)重(zhong)複(fu)著(zhe)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)錯(cuo)誤(wu)，而(er)且(qie)重(zhong)複(fu)著(zhe)他(ta)的(de)家(jia)庭(ting)和(he)本(ben)民(min)族(zu)的(de)錯(cuo)誤(wu)。

    A loser has difficulty giving and receiving affection. He does not enter into intimate, honest, direct relationships with others. Instead, he tries to manipulate them into living up to his expectations and channels⑿ his energies into living up to their expectations.

    失敗者難以表達或接受愛意。他從不與他人建立親密、誠實而直率的關係。反之
，他試圖操縱他人，希望他人不辜負他的期望，而自己也竭力去迎合他人的期望。