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But being exposed to cigarette smoke can actually make people pile on the pounds, new research shows.
And it is innocent victims of secondhand cigarette smoke are the most likely to gain weight.
'For people who are in a home with a smoker, particularly children, the increased risk of cardiovascular or metabolic problems is massive,' said lead author Professor Benjamin Bikman, of Brigham Young University in Utah.
Passive smoking damages the body because second-hand smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals, many of which are irritants and toxins, and some of which are known to cause cancer.
Data shows half of the U.S. population is exposed at least once daily to secondhand cigarette smoke and approximately 20 per cent of young children live with someone who smokes in the home.
In the UK, it's estimated that second-hand smoke kills over 12,000 people every year from lung cancer, heart disease, stroke and the lung disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Professor Bikman, and his co-author Professor Paul Reynolds, wanted to investigate how cigarette smoke is tied to metabolism.
參考譯文：
吸煙和二手煙的危害早已經廣為人知。
有人聲稱吸煙可以幫助減肥。一項新研究結果證明，吸煙不但不能幫助減肥，反而可致肥胖，而二手煙受害者更為顯著。
美國猶他州楊百翰大學的本傑明Bikmanlingdaodetuanduitongguoshiyanyanjiuzhaodaolexiyanyinfayidaosudikang，congerdaozhitizhongzengjiadejizhi。zaiyanjiuzhong，tamenrangxiaoshubaoluyuershouyanlaifenxiletamendedaixiejincheng，bingdedaoleyuqidejieguo——暴露於煙霧中的小鼠長胖了。
研(yan)究(jiu)人(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)在(zai)細(xi)胞(bao)水(shui)平(ping)上(shang)分(fen)析(xi)發(fa)現(xian)，煙(yan)霧(wu)觸(chu)發(fa)一(yi)種(zhong)被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)神(shen)經(jing)酰(xian)胺(an)的(de)微(wei)小(xiao)脂(zhi)質(zhi)改(gai)變(bian)細(xi)胞(bao)中(zhong)的(de)線(xian)粒(li)體(ti)，這(zhe)造(zao)成(cheng)正(zheng)常(chang)細(xi)胞(bao)功(gong)能(neng)障(zhang)礙(ai)，並(bing)抑(yi)製(zhi)細(xi)胞(bao)對(dui)胰(yi)島(dao)素(su)的(de)響(xiang)應(ying)能(neng)力(li)。也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)，被(bei)動(dong)吸(xi)煙(yan)可(ke)改(gai)變(bian)身(shen)體(ti)對(dui)胰(yi)島(dao)素(su)的(de)敏(min)感(gan)性(xing)，造(zao)成(cheng)胰(yi)島(dao)素(su)抵(di)抗(kang)，導(dao)致(zhi)身(shen)體(ti)需(xu)要(yao)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)胰(yi)島(dao)素(su)。胰(yi)島(dao)素(su)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)升(sheng)高(gao)則(ze)導(dao)致(zhi)身(shen)體(ti)脂(zhi)肪(fang)的(de)集(ji)聚(ju)形(xing)成(cheng)肥(fei)胖(pang)。
研究人員發現，逆轉香煙煙霧這種影響的關鍵是抑製神經酰胺。進一步研究發現，用一種已知神經酰胺阻滯劑——多(duo)球(qiu)殼(ke)菌(jun)素(su)治(zhi)療(liao)的(de)小(xiao)鼠(shu)，無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)否(fou)暴(bao)露(lu)於(yu)煙(yan)霧(wu)，均(jun)沒(mei)有(you)出(chu)現(xian)代(dai)謝(xie)問(wen)題(ti)和(he)肥(fei)胖(pang)。然(ran)而(er)，當(dang)暴(bao)露(lu)於(yu)煙(yan)霧(wu)的(de)小(xiao)鼠(shu)同(tong)時(shi)喂(wei)食(shi)高(gao)糖(tang)飲(yin)食(shi)，代(dai)謝(xie)幹(gan)擾(rao)則(ze)不(bu)能(neng)被(bei)防(fang)止(zhi)。
Bikman教授和他的團隊正測試神經酰胺酶抑製劑在人體使用的安全性問題。
研究者表示，有希望開發一種為無辜的二手煙受害者提供保護的治療措施。但是對於吸煙者本人卻沒有“保護療法”可用，他們唯一可以做的就是戒煙。這或許會給癮君子提供戒除煙癮的一種新動力。
