山羊屬多胎動物，繁殖潛力大，我國的一些地方優良品種如馬頭山羊、伏牛山大白羊
、麻城黑山羊、chengdoumayangdengfanzhixingnenghenqiang，yitaichangaoshuliangduo。nongminyangzhirouyongshanyangjiushiyaoliyongshanyangfanzhixingnengqiangdetedian，shiyangqunduoshengkuaichang，huodejiaogaodeshouyi。erbizhezainongcunyangyanghuzhongtiaozhafaxian，yibufenyangyanghu（特別是對母羊繁殖性能有關知識了解較少的養羊戶）對繁殖母羊的喂養帶有很大的盲目性，末能采取任何保護性措施
，母羊繁殖順其自然
，結果往往事與願違，母羊除易生產弱胎

、死胎，繁殖性能受到影響外，流產
、化胎（胎兒中途死亡
，隨後被吸收）等deng現xian象xiang也ye屢lv見jian不bu鮮xian，極ji大da地di影ying響xiang了le農nong民min養yang羊yang的de積ji極ji性xing。針zhen對dui這zhe一yi突tu出chu問wen題ti，筆bi者zhe認ren為wei
，要yao想xiang保bao證zheng母mu羊yang一yi胎tai多duo羔gao，必bi須xu重zhong點dian把ba握wo三san大da關guan鍵jian環huan節jie，如ru果guo養yang殖zhi戶hu能neng根gen據ju母mu羊yang的de發fa情qing排pai卵luan規gui律lv，以yi及ji胎tai兒er在zai母mu體ti內nei的de發fa育yu規gui律lv，加jia強qiang母mu羊yang的de飼si養yang管guan理li，促cu進jin母mu羊yang在zai發fa情qing期qi排pai出chu更geng多duo成cheng熟shu的de卵luan細xi胞bao，適shi合he給gei母mu羊yang配pei種zhong或huo輸shu精jing
，爭zheng取qu更geng多duo的de卵luan細xi胞bao，適shi時shi給gei母mu羊yang配pei種zhong或huo輸shu精jing，爭zheng取qu更geng多duo卵luan細xi胞bao受shou精jing，並bing保bao證zheng受shou精jing卵luan發fa育yu成cheng胎tai兒er

，就jiu可ke以yi大da大da提ti高gao母mu羊yang的de一yi胎tai產chan羔gao數shu

，從cong而er提ti高gao經jing濟ji效xiao益yi
，促cu進jin養yang羊yang業ye的de發fa展zhan。這zhe三san大da關guan鍵jian環huan節jie為wei：

    一、jiaqiangkonghuaimuyangdesiyangguanli，baozhengkonghuaimuyangbufeibushoudezhongyongtikuangkonghuaimuyangsiyangguanlidehaohuai，zhijieyingxiangmuyangzaifaqingqishifounengzhengchangfaqingpailuan，konghuaimuyangzaifaqingpeizhongqi，yingjuyoubufeibushoudezhongyongtikuang
，ruguofeihuoguoshou，doujiangyingxiangmuyangzhengchangdefaqingpailuan。zainongcun，yibannonghuweiyangmuyang，bijiaozhuzhongmuyangrenshenqihemiruqidesiyangguanli，erhushilekonghuaimuyangdesiyangguanli，qishi
，zheshiyizhongbukexuedesiweifangfa。konghuaimuyangsuiranyaoqiudesiyangguanlitiaojianbugao，danyingyangbixuquanmian，zheduicujinkonghuaimuyangzhengchangfaqingpailuanshijiqizhongyaode。konghuaimuyangdeweiyanghuyinggenjuzishentiaojian，jinliangdapeiduoyangsicaosiwei
，kejiangdoukemucaoyuqiaobenkemucaodapeisiwei
，yekejiangdoukemucaoyujukemudapeisiwei，yiliyusicaoneigezhongyingyangwuzhihubuchong
，manzumuyangduiyingyangdexuyao。youzhideqinglvduozhisicao（特別是豆科牧草）keyiduowei
，churangmuyangzaifangmuhebusishichibaowai

，duiyukonghuaimuyang，yinggenjumuyangdebiaoqingshidangzengjianjingliaoweiliang。jingliaoweiliangdezengjianyinggenjubutongdeqingkuangerqubieduidai，duiyuchangaoshushao、泌乳負擔輕、過guo肥fei的de母mu羊yang，應ying減jian少shao日ri糧liang中zhong的de精jing料liao喂wei量liang。對dui於yu少shao數shu過guo肥fei的de母mu羊yang，不bu僅jin要yao停ting止zhi補bu喂wei精jing料liao，而er且qie還hai要yao適shi當dang增zeng加jia放fang牧mu和he運yun動dong量liang，以yi利li母mu羊yang減jian肥fei，促cu進jin其qi正zheng常chang發fa情qing排pai卵luan。對dui於yu經jing過guo一yi個ge泌mi乳ru期qi的de高gao產chan母mu羊yang，由you於yu其qi產chan羔gao數shu多duo，泌mi乳ru負fu擔dan重zhong
，自zi身shen能neng量liang消xiao耗hao過guo大da，而er導dao致zhi過guo瘦shou，應ying在zai母mu羊yang的de日ri糧liang中zhong增zeng加jia精jing料liao喂wei量liang，對dui於yu一yi部bu分fen特te別bie瘦shou的de高gao產chan母mu羊yang（排除疾病和寄生蟲病的因素）jingliaoweiliangdezengjiayaoxunxujianjin，rangmuyangyouyigezhubushiyingdeguocheng
，yilimuyanghuifutizhi
，cujinzhengchangfaqingpailuan，yibanfaqingpeizhongqidekonghuaimuyangyingbaochiqibachengbiaoqingweiyi。

    二、掌zhang握wo好hao母mu羊yang的de配pei種zhong時shi機ji
，適shi時shi給gei發fa情qing母mu羊yang配pei種zhong或huo輸shu精jing母mu羊yang在zai正zheng常chang膘biao情qing下xia
，發fa情qing和he排pai卵luan是shi有you一yi定ding規gui律lv的de。一yi般ban母mu羊yang性xing成cheng熟shu後hou

，卵luan巢chao表biao麵mian開kai始shi形xing成cheng濾lv泡pao，濾lv泡pao逐zhu漸jian長chang大da
，產chan生sheng的de濾lv泡pao激ji素su也ye逐zhu漸jian增zeng多duo，在zai血xue液ye中zhong達da到dao一yi定ding濃nong度du時shi，母mu羊yang就jiu表biao現xian出chu發fa情qing征zheng象xiang。當dang濾lv泡pao發fa育yu到dao一yi定ding程cheng度du母mu羊yang就jiu會hui排pai卵luan，即ji每mei一yi個ge成cheng熟shu濾lv泡pao排pai出chu一yi個ge卵luan子zi

，一yi般ban一yi頭tou成cheng年nian母mu羊yang每mei個ge發fa情qing期qi排pai出chu的de成cheng熟shu卵luan子zi數shu目mu多duo則ze4個―8個，少則一兩個。母羊開始排卵一般在發情開始後20小時―26小時。母羊在一個發情期內由於各個濾泡成熟的早晚不同
，排卵時間也不同，一般母羊排卵需持續6小時―10小時，卵子方可陸續排出
，進入輸卵管的前三分之一段準備受精。卵子排出後，在母體的輸卵管內大約可成活8小時―12小xiao時shi
，如ru果guo卵luan子zi在zai這zhe段duan時shi間jian內nei遇yu到dao了le活huo力li強qiang的de公gong羊yang精jing子zi，即ji可ke完wan成cheng受shou精jing
，如ru果guo超chao過guo這zhe段duan時shi間jian
，卵luan子zi就jiu會hui衰shuai老lao，失shi去qu受shou精jing能neng力li。要yao使shi母mu羊yang排pai出chu的de成cheng熟shu卵luan子zi在zai輸shu卵luan管guan前qian三san分fen之zhi一yi段duan適shi時shi遇yu到dao精jing子zi而er受shou精jing
，同tong時shi還hai必bi須xu保bao證zheng公gong羊yang的de精jing子zi適shi時shi到dao達da受shou精jing地di點dian。一yi般ban母mu羊yang配pei種zhong或huo輸shu精jing後hou
，精jing子zi經jing2小時―3小時才能到達輸卵管前三分之一段，精子在母體的生殖道內一般可保持10小時―18小時的受精能力。據此推算，要使公羊的精子到達母體輸卵管時正逢母體卵巢開始排卵
，給母羊配種的適宜時間是在排卵前2小時―3小時，即在母羊發情後18小時―26xiaoshi。zaishijicaozuozhong，ruoguozaogeimuyangpeizhonghuoshujing，dangluanchaopailuanshi，jingzidehuoliyijingjiangdi，rugeimuyangpeizhonghuoshujingguochi
，dangjingdaodashuluanguanshi，luanziyishiquhuoli
，zhexiejunhuidaozhimuyangqingqishoutailvxiajianghuomuyangyitaichangaoshujianshao。muyangdefaqingpailuansuiyouyidingguilv，danmuyangdefaqingchixuqihepailuanqishijianyumuyangdenianlingyouguan。yangyanghuweiyangdemuyangwangwangbingfeichuyutongyinianling
，yinci，yangyanghuzaigeimuyangpeizhonghuoshujingshiyaotebiezhuyikaolvmuyangdenianlingyinsu。yibanzaishijishengchanzhong
，laonianmuyangfaqingchixushijianjiaoduan，pailuanshijianyejiaozao，peizhongshijianyingshidangtiqian，zuihaoshidangtianzaochenfaqing
，diertianzaoshangjiupeiyici，xiawuzaifupeiyici
；青年母羊發情持續時間長，排卵時間也較遲，因此配種多在發情後第3天―第4天
；中年母羊發情處於二者之間，一般配種最好選在發情後第2天―第3天。由於母羊在發情期排卵在持續6小時―10小，為使母羊生殖道內有充足的活力強的精子
，在養羊生產中，母羊發情後一般間隔6小時―8小時重複配種或輸精，這樣可提高母羊的受胎率和產羔數。

    ciwai，yangyanghuhaikejieheguanchamuyangdefaqingzhengxianglaigeimuyangshishishujinghuopeizhong。yibanmuyangfaqinghouyinhuhongzhongkaishixiaotui，yindaozhanmoyouchaohongbianweizihong

，yindaoneiliuchudezhanyeyouxibianchou，yibufenfaqingzhengxiangxianzhudemuyang，yongshouanyaqiyaobu、臀部，母羊表現呆立不動，這時母羊正處於排卵期和即將排卵期
，此時給母羊輸精或配種最合適。

    三、加jia強qiang妊ren娠shen母mu羊yang的de飼si養yang管guan理li，保bao證zheng胚pei胎tai在zai母mu體ti內nei正zheng常chang生sheng長chang發fa育yu母mu羊yang配pei種zhong受shou孕yun後hou
，其qi妊ren娠shen期qi的de飼si養yang管guan理li是shi保bao證zheng胎tai兒er在zai母mu體ti內nei正zheng常chang生sheng長chang發fa育yu至zhi關guan重zhong要yao的de因yin素su，尤you其qi是shi在zai妊ren娠shen早zao期qi

，母mu羊yang的de飼si養yang管guan理li更geng是shi對dui母mu羊yang一yi胎tai多duo羔gao起qi決jue定ding性xing的de作zuo用yong。母mu羊yang配pei種zhong後hou的de半ban個ge月yue內nei
，由you於yu受shou精jing卵luan逐zhu漸jian沿yan輸shu卵luan管guan往wang下xia移yi動dong


，胚pei胎tai還hai末mo在zai子zi宮gong內nei著zhe床chuang，缺que少shao胎tai盤pan的de保bao護hu，易yi受shou不bu良liang因yin素su影ying響xiang而er導dao致zhi部bu分fen胚pei胎tai生sheng長chang發fa育yu中zhong斷duan或huo死si亡wang，因yin此ci，加jia強qiang母mu羊yang懷huai孕yun早zao期qi的de飼si養yang管guan理li，是shi防fang止zhi胚pei胎tai早zao期qi死si亡wang、shimuyangyitaiduogaodeguanjian。muyangzairenshenzaoqi
，taiershangxiao
，qieshengchangfayuman，muyangduisuoxudeyingyangwuzhiyaoqiubugao，yibantongguofangmucaishi

，binggeimuyangbuweilianghaodeqingcusicao，shidangdapeiyidingliangdejingliao，jikemanzuqiduiyingyangdexuyao。duiyibufengaochanqietizhishouruodemuyang，zairenshenzaoqi，keshidangjiadajingliaodebuweiliang，danbukeguoduo，rudaozhimuyangguofeihegeirenshenzaoqidemuyangweiyigaonengliangdeduoliangjingliao，junbuliyupeitaizaimutineizhengchangzhechuanghefayu
，shenzhihuidaozhipeitaidezaoqisiwang

，fanershimuyanggaoshuxiajiang。renshenmuyangsuoxuyingyangwuzhiyidanbaizhi
、維生素
、礦物質最為重要，母羊在妊娠早期尤其要注重飼草蛋白質的平衡，以及VA
、VD、Ve和鈣的供給
，VE製劑飼喂母羊
，以促進胚胎在母體內正常的生長發育。除此之外，喂給妊娠母羊的飼草應新鮮，力求多樣化
，不可喂給發黴變質、過冷或過熱
、帶(dai)有(you)毒(du)性(xing)和(he)強(qiang)烈(lie)刺(ci)激(ji)性(xing)的(de)飼(si)料(liao)，同(tong)時(shi)要(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)懷(huai)孕(yun)母(mu)羊(yang)的(de)保(bao)胎(tai)工(gong)作(zuo)，避(bi)免(mian)意(yi)外(wai)因(yin)素(su)導(dao)致(zhi)胎(tai)兒(er)中(zhong)途(tu)死(si)亡(wang)
，確(que)保(bao)胚(pei)胎(tai)正(zheng)常(chang)生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)，以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)母(mu)羊(yang)一(yi)胎(tai)多(duo)羔(gao)，且(qie)羔(gao)羊(yang)體(ti)質(zhi)健(jian)壯(zhuang)，成(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)高(gao)。