The diets of low-income Americans have worsened in the past decade, even as the diets of the wealthiest Americans have improved, according to a new study that is among the first to measure changes in diet quality over time by socioeconomic status. Overall diet quality in the United States remains poor, said the lead author of the study, published Monday in the Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine.

在zai過guo去qu的de十shi年nian間jian，美mei國guo低di收shou入ru人ren群qun的de飲yin食shi質zhi量liang不bu斷duan惡e化hua，但dan是shi最zui有you錢qian的de一yi部bu分fen美mei國guo人ren所suo吃chi的de食shi物wu質zhi量liang卻que越yue來lai越yue高gao，從cong一yi份fen最zui新xin研yan究jiu中zhong，我wo們men得de知zhi了le隨sui著zhe社she會hui經jing濟ji地di位wei的de變bian化hua，不bu同tong收shou入ru的de人ren群qun之zhi間jian的de食shi物wu質zhi量liang鴻hong溝gou是shi多duo麼me的de巨ju大da。在這份研究發表於《美國醫學會雜誌-內科學》上的研究中，首席作者認為美國人的總體飲食質量依然不容樂觀。

Although the study found that the diet of all Americans improved on average between 2005 and 2010, the progress masked a decline in diet quality among the poor. The result: a doubling of the gap in diet quality between the wealthiest Americans and the poorest.

研究發現美國人的總體飲食質量在2005-2010年有所改善，但是表麵的進步卻掩蓋了窮人飲食質量的下降。結果顯示美國最富裕和最貧窮的兩類人之間的食物鴻溝已經提升一倍。

The study attributed the change to the higher cost of convenient and healthy meals, as well as limited access to quality supermarkets in some poorer neighborhoods.Frank Hu, a study author and co-director of the Program in Obesity Epidemiology and Prevention at the Harvard School of Public Health, cautioned against taking the improvements as a sign that Americans eat well. "This is really almost like an American diet report card," Hu said. "This has the good news that there has been some improvement in overall diet quality, but the report card still doesn't look very good."

研(yan)究(jiu)認(ren)為(wei)方(fang)便(bian)健(jian)康(kang)飲(yin)食(shi)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)比(bi)以(yi)前(qian)更(geng)高(gao)

，以(yi)及(ji)在(zai)某(mou)些(xie)貧(pin)民(min)區(qu)超(chao)市(shi)缺(que)乏(fa)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)食(shi)物(wu)是(shi)這(zhe)種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)。哈(ha)佛(fo)大(da)學(xue)公(gong)共(gong)健(jian)康(kang)學(xue)院(yuan)肥(fei)胖(pang)流(liu)行(xing)病(bing)學(xue)和(he)預(yu)防(fang)項(xiang)目(mu)主(zhu)管(guan)之(zhi)一(yi)，也(ye)是(shi)該(gai)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)作(zuo)者(zhe)之(zhi)一(yi)的(de)Frank Hu給gei出chu了le警jing告gao，他ta警jing告gao美mei國guo人ren不bu要yao因yin為wei總zong體ti飲yin食shi質zhi量liang有you所suo提ti高gao就jiu誤wu認ren為wei人ren們men比bi以yi前qian吃chi得de更geng健jian康kang，他ta說shuo雖sui然ran總zong體ti飲yin食shi質zhi量liang有you所suo提ti高gao，這zhe是shi好hao消xiao息xi
，但dan是shi美mei國guo人ren的de飲yin食shi健jian康kang成cheng績ji單dan看kan上shang去qu依yi然ran不bu理li想xiang。

The report comes at a time when the food choices of low-income households are in the national spotlight. Legislators and advocates have suggested restricting what foods can be bought with the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, also known as food stamps) in an effort to promote health. First Lady Michelle Obama has made healthy diets a central part of her campaign to end childhood obesity. Today two-thirds of Americans of all classes are overweight or obese, with higher rates among the poor.

這zhe個ge報bao告gao發fa表biao於yu全quan國guo都dou在zai關guan注zhu低di收shou入ru家jia庭ting飲yin食shi選xuan擇ze問wen題ti的de關guan鍵jian時shi期qi。立li法fa機ji關guan和he飲yin食shi倡chang議yi人ren士shi都dou建jian議yi對dui食shi品pin券quan能neng夠gou購gou買mai的de食shi物wu種zhong類lei進jin行xing限xian製zhi，這zhe樣yang做zuo的de目mu的de是shi提ti高gao國guo民min的de健jian康kang水shui平ping。美mei國guo第di一yi夫fu人ren米mi歇xie爾er·奧巴馬也在結束兒童肥胖的倡議活動中將健康飲食作為核心部分來論述。今天全美2/3兒童(所有階級)超重或肥胖
，這個比例在窮人中更高。

Even with the improvements, Americans collectively scored under 50 out of 110 on the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, according to the study.

研究顯示
，在滿分為110的替代性健康飲食指數中，美國的整體人群的得分低於50。

Most of the improvement in the American diet, researchers said, was due to a steady decline in the consumption of trans fats. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages also dropped, giving a minor boost to overall diet scores. American diets otherwise stayed consistent, with low scores for fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

研(yan)究(jiu)人(ren)員(yuan)說(shuo)之(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)飲(yin)食(shi)質(zhi)量(liang)有(you)所(suo)提(ti)高(gao)，原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)反(fan)式(shi)脂(zhi)肪(fang)消(xiao)耗(hao)量(liang)穩(wen)步(bu)下(xia)降(jiang)。同(tong)時(shi)
，含(han)糖(tang)飲(yin)料(liao)的(de)消(xiao)費(fei)量(liang)也(ye)有(you)所(suo)下(xia)降(jiang)
，這(zhe)兩(liang)個(ge)因(yin)素(su)小(xiao)幅(fu)度(du)地(di)助(zhu)推(tui)了(le)得(de)分(fen)。不(bu)過(guo)美(mei)國(guo)人(ren)在(zai)水(shui)果(guo)、蔬菜以及全穀食品上的得分依舊偏低。

Trans fats have been a target of public policy efforts to improve diet. Last fall the Food and Drug Administration announced it was considering banning the fats in processed foods, a decade after the agency required that trans fats be clearly listed on packaged foods. Federal efforts to promote consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, meanwhile, have largely been confined to education and public service announcements.

反(fan)式(shi)脂(zhi)肪(fang)一(yi)直(zhi)是(shi)改(gai)善(shan)飲(yin)食(shi)的(de)公(gong)共(gong)政(zheng)策(ce)努(nu)力(li)的(de)目(mu)標(biao)。去(qu)年(nian)秋(qiu)天(tian)美(mei)國(guo)食(shi)品(pin)和(he)藥(yao)物(wu)管(guan)理(li)局(ju)公(gong)開(kai)發(fa)表(biao)聲(sheng)明(ming)說(shuo)他(ta)們(men)正(zheng)在(zai)考(kao)慮(lv)禁(jin)止(zhi)加(jia)工(gong)食(shi)物(wu)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)反(fan)式(shi)脂(zhi)肪(fang)。而(er)十(shi)年(nian)前(qian)管(guan)理(li)局(ju)要(yao)求(qiu)反(fan)式(shi)脂(zhi)肪(fang)必(bi)須(xu)清(qing)楚(chu)的(de)列(lie)在(zai)食(shi)品(pin)包(bao)裝(zhuang)袋(dai)上(shang)。聯(lian)邦(bang)政(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)取(qu)的(de)促(cu)進(jin)水(shui)果(guo)
，蔬(shu)菜(cai)和(he)全(quan)穀(gu)食(shi)物(wu)消(xiao)費(fei)的(de)努(nu)力(li)主(zhu)要(yao)局(ju)限(xian)於(yu)教(jiao)育(yu)和(he)公(gong)益(yi)廣(guang)告(gao)。

The study has implications for efforts to improve Americans' diets, particularly among the poor, experts said. "It really speaks to the evidence that if you want to change the American diet, you have to change the policy," said Marlene Schwartz, director for the Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity at Yale University.

專家說研究表明美國的
，尤其是窮人的飲食質量亟需改善。耶魯大學的食品政策與肥胖研究中心主管Marlene Schwartz表示：“已有證據表明要改變美國人的飲食習慣就要改變政策。”

"Education will only get you so far," she said, noting that education is often most successful for those who can afford to pay for it. Improving diet among the poor, she said, requires "improving the food supply so people can eat what's there and not be exposed to so many dangerous things."

她(ta)說(shuo)
，教(jiao)育(yu)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)對(dui)那(na)些(xie)能(neng)夠(gou)買(mai)得(de)起(qi)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)食(shi)物(wu)的(de)人(ren)有(you)效(xiao)，僅(jin)此(ci)而(er)已(yi)。想(xiang)要(yao)改(gai)善(shan)窮(qiong)人(ren)的(de)飲(yin)食(shi)質(zhi)量(liang)，就(jiu)要(yao)改(gai)善(shan)食(shi)品(pin)供(gong)給(gei)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)，使(shi)得(de)他(ta)們(men)不(bu)會(hui)買(mai)到(dao)許(xu)多(duo)危(wei)險(xian)的(de)食(shi)物(wu)。

Jessica Caouette, a nutrition and cooking instructor with Cooking Matters—a national nonprofit—who works with low-income families, echoed that reaction. "All parents are interested in feeding their families healthy meals," she said, but "price is a concern for low-income families."

營養烹飪專家Jessica Caouette就職於旨在服務低收入家庭的國家非盈利機構Cooking Matters
，她認為父母都想為家庭提供健康的飲食，但對於低收入家庭來說，價格也是他們考量的因素之一。

A survey of Cooking Matters students from 2012 found that 85 percent said they wanted to eat healthfully but that only half were able to do so. More recently a survey from the food bank umbrella group Feeding America found that nearly 80 percent of its clients bought the cheapest food available even though they knew it wasn't healthy.

2012年一份對Cooking Matters學員的調查顯示85%的人表示他們希望吃健康食品，但是隻有一半的人有能力這麼做。最近Feeding America食物銀行組織的一份調研顯示雖然知道很不健康，但是80%的客戶依然選擇購買他們能買到的最便宜的食品。

The best bet for improving the American diet, Hu said, lies in a broad approach. "Without changing the food environment and food system," he said, "education alone is not going to be very effective."

Hu認為如果食品的大環境和食品係統不改變的話
，單單是提升教育也無法有效提升人們的飲食習慣。